Post September 11 Security Challenges to the Legal Regime of the Maritime Carriage of Nuclear and Radioactive Materials

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-440
Author(s):  
A. Suzette Suarez
Keyword(s):  
September 11 ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Nuclear Terrorism ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Post September 11

AbstractRadioactive material which is transported over sea has, so far, not resulted in any pollution of the sea. This paper reviews the legal regime of the maritime carriage of nuclear and radioactive materials and assesses its sufficiency in general and in the context of the risks of nuclear terrorism. It is noted that the respective provisions have been elaborated under the auspices of two different international organisations, namely IMO and IAEA, and that their reaction to possible nuclear threats is slow.

Unveiling the history of seized plutonium through nuclear forensic investigations

2009 ◽  
Vol 97 (4-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Mayer ◽  
Maria Wallenius ◽  
M. Hedberg ◽  
Klaus Lützenkirchen
Keyword(s):  
Age Determination ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Nuclear Terrorism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Illicit Trafficking ◽  
Nuclear Forensic ◽  
Intended Use

AbstractIllicit incidents involving nuclear or other radioactive materials and the threat of nuclear terrorism are reasons for serious concern. Since 1993 more than 1300 incidents have been reported to the IAEA Illicit Trafficking Database. Only a small number of cases involve plutonium or plutonium containing materials. However, these cases are attributed particular attention in view of the proliferation aspects and of the radiotoxicity associated with plutonium. Efforts focus on prevention, detection and response to cases of illicit trafficking of nuclear material. If the place of theft or diversion of the material can be identified, then measures of safeguards and physical protection can be implemented to prevent future thefts.Nuclear Forensic Science aims at providing clues on the origin and intended use of nuclear or other radioactive material involved in illicit incidents. The paper provides a brief description of the nuclear forensic methodology and describes in detail the challenges associated with age determination of plutonium materials.

scholarly journals The Constant Changes in US Strategy in Afghanistan: Achievement or Failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Behnam Sahranavard ◽  
Ali Asghar Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
September 11 ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Post September 11 ◽  
The Given

The nations take various strategies in exposure to different developments and phenomena and impact on foreign and internal policies of countries in international scene proportional to their internal and external conditions and rivals and at international arena. What US implemented after September 11 Event and targeted accusation finger toward Taliban and Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan is deemed as a type of strategy that has occurred in created nostalgic climate together with hasty decision making and negligence to domestic issues in Afghan Community while their output was to take different and even paradoxical strategies in this crisis-stricken region since 1980s. In this article that has been written in order to analyze US Post September- 11 Strategies in Afghanistan this basic question will be answered that how changes in US macro policies influenced in orientation of diplomacy of this country and why this country has adapted different policies in occupation of Afghanistan. Afterwards, it is deduced according to the given findings from librarian data collection method that the constant changes in US strategy in Afghanistan were due to overlooking of domestic issues and historic, ethnic, cultural, political, and ideological complexities of this country that has resulted in degradation of US position in world scene and its failure in suppression of Taliban.This article has been excerpted from my PhD treatise under title of ‘The role of United States in the regional crisis (e.g. Afghan and Iraqi crises) and the rise of revolutionary and radicalism on the emergence of international terrorism’.

scholarly journals Biometrics: constructing 'ideal' subjects and 'aliens' at the Canada-U.S. border

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Mandaric
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Social Research ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Post September 11 ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

Employing critical social research in combination with critical discourse analysis, this paper examines the use of biometrics technology in the citizenship and immigration context with particular emphasis on its application at the Canada-U.S. border. The central argument of thls paper is that through the use of biometrics technology at the Canada-U.S crossing, the border has become a social filter that separates welcome from unwelcome migrants depending on strategic objectives to include and exclude population groups, which makes them part of a social an economic strategy in the post-September 11 securitized environment. Moreover, the paper takes the position that through the use of biometrics technology at the Canada-U.S. border, the notion of citizenship is being reconstructed whereby racialized migrants and vulnerable populations will be tremendously affected: most notably, poor migrants from the South as well as refugees and asylum seekers from elsewhere.

scholarly journals Biometrics: constructing 'ideal' subjects and 'aliens' at the Canada-U.S. border

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Mandaric
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Social Research ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Post September 11 ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

Employing critical social research in combination with critical discourse analysis, this paper examines the use of biometrics technology in the citizenship and immigration context with particular emphasis on its application at the Canada-U.S. border. The central argument of thls paper is that through the use of biometrics technology at the Canada-U.S crossing, the border has become a social filter that separates welcome from unwelcome migrants depending on strategic objectives to include and exclude population groups, which makes them part of a social an economic strategy in the post-September 11 securitized environment. Moreover, the paper takes the position that through the use of biometrics technology at the Canada-U.S. border, the notion of citizenship is being reconstructed whereby racialized migrants and vulnerable populations will be tremendously affected: most notably, poor migrants from the South as well as refugees and asylum seekers from elsewhere.

scholarly journals Academic Freedom in Post–September 11 America

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Wyatt ◽  
Janet Beuthe Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Freedom ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Post September 11
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