Roflumilast Reverses Alcohol Impairment of CFTR Function and Mucus Clearance

We investigated the effects of high-frequency chest wall compression (HFCWC) on peripheral and tracheal mucus clearance in anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs. HFCWC was achieved by oscillating the pressure in a thoracic cuff with a piston pump. Regional lung retention of a technetium-99m sulfur colloid aerosol was monitored with a gamma camera. A peripheral mucus clearance index (PMCI) was defined for each region of interest. The tracheal mucus clearance rate (TMCR) was determined by bronchoscopic visualization of marker particle transport. Phase I: In seven dogs, 30 min of HFCWC at 13 Hz with peak cuff pressure (Pcuff) 100–120 cmH2O was found to significantly enhance PMCI in regions immediately under the cuff. (delta PMCI = 24.4 +/- 4.6 in the basal peripheral region.) Phase II: Because of subpleural hemorrhage in phase I, the effect of HFCWC on TMCR at various Pcuff levels was studied in five dogs. The enhancement of TMCR by HFCWC reached a plateau level at Pcuff = 50 cmH2O. Phase III: HFCWC at 13 Hz with Pcuff = 50–60 cmH2O was found to significantly enhance PMCI in five dogs without the consequence of hemorrhage. Correlations were found between the enhancement of PMCI and TMCR by HFCWC. These results demonstrate that HFCWC is effective in enhancing both peripheral and central mucus clearance in dogs and safe when moderate pressures are applied.

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Aerosol Medications for Treatment of Mucus Clearance Disorders

Respiratory Care ◽

10.4187/respcare.04087 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 825-832 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

B. K. Rubin

Keyword(s):

Mucus Clearance

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Mucus Clearance in Simulated Trachea by Repeated Pulses and Airflow Oscillations

10.1115/1.0004659v ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Duygu L. Tuna ◽

Altay \xdcnal ◽

Fikret Ar\u0131 ◽

Peter Krumpe ◽

Cahit Evrensel

Keyword(s):

Mucus Clearance

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Alcohol Effects on Driver Risk Taking

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181378022001150 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 579-582

Author(s):

R. Wade Allen ◽

Stephen H. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Speed Control ◽

Risk Exposure ◽

Performance Variability ◽

Signal Light ◽

Alcohol Impairment ◽

Alcohol Effects

This paper reviews selected results from past driving simulator studies. The driving tasks include steering regulation against wind/road disturbances, speed control on curves, and decision making in a signal light situation. A common alcohol impairment mechanism is found in each of these situations, namely increased driver variability. The driver's risk exposure also increases with alcohol impairment and is extremely sensitive to performance variability changes. It is hypothesized that drivers are not generally aware of risk exposure, even under alcohol-impaired conditions. Countermeasure approaches to driver impairment are also discussed.

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