Grain dust-induced airflow obstruction and inflammation of the lower respiratory tract.

The cough reflex is critically important in the clearance of abnormal airway secretions and protection of the lower respiratory tract from aspirated foreign matter. A weak or ineffective cough can lead to respiratory compromise from even a relatively minor bronchial infection. Persistent cough is often one of a constellation of symptoms indicative of respiratory disease—a potential clue in the differential diagnosis of the patient’s illness. Given the widespread distribution of sensory nerve endings of the cough reflex throughout the upper and lower respiratory tract, it is not surprising that myriad respiratory diseases, involving lung parenchyma and airways, can manifest with cough. Sometimes cough is the sole or predominant symptom in a patient who is otherwise well. Evaluating and treating the patient with persistent cough who has few, if any, other respiratory symptoms is a common challenge for the practicing physician. This review covers the normal cough mechanism, impaired cough, pathologic cough, cough suppressant therapy, and new developments. Figures show a flow-volume loop during cough, a posteroanterior chest x-ray in a patient presenting with chronic cough, flow-volume curves and spirograms documenting expiratory airflow obstruction, and the approach to the patient with chronic cough. The table lists selected examples of extrapulmonary physical findings of potential importance in the assessment of cough. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 1 table, and 94 references.

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The kinetics of grain dust-induced inflammation of the lower respiratory tract.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine ◽

10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001321 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 155 (1) ◽

pp. 254-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

D C Deetz ◽

P J Jagielo ◽

T J Quinn ◽

P S Thorne ◽

S A Bleuer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Grain Dust ◽

Kinetics Of

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Approach to the Patient with Cough

10.2310/cannabis.1478 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher H. Fanta

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Chronic Cough ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Airflow Obstruction ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Lung Parenchyma ◽

Flow Volume ◽

Respiratory Compromise ◽

Cough Reflex ◽

Persistent Cough

The cough reflex is critically important in the clearance of abnormal airway secretions and protection of the lower respiratory tract from aspirated foreign matter. A weak or ineffective cough can lead to respiratory compromise from even a relatively minor bronchial infection. Persistent cough is often one of a constellation of symptoms indicative of respiratory disease—a potential clue in the differential diagnosis of the patient’s illness. Given the widespread distribution of sensory nerve endings of the cough reflex throughout the upper and lower respiratory tract, it is not surprising that myriad respiratory diseases, involving lung parenchyma and airways, can manifest with cough. Sometimes cough is the sole or predominant symptom in a patient who is otherwise well. Evaluating and treating the patient with persistent cough who has few, if any, other respiratory symptoms is a common challenge for the practicing physician. This review covers the normal cough mechanism, impaired cough, pathologic cough, cough suppressant therapy, and new developments. Figures show a flow-volume loop during cough, a posteroanterior chest x-ray in a patient presenting with chronic cough, flow-volume curves and spirograms documenting expiratory airflow obstruction, and the approach to the patient with chronic cough. The table lists selected examples of extrapulmonary physical findings of potential importance in the assessment of cough. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 1 table, and 94 references.

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Approach to the Patient with Cough

10.2310/tywc.1478 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher H. Fanta

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Chronic Cough ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Airflow Obstruction ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Lung Parenchyma ◽

Flow Volume ◽

Respiratory Compromise ◽

Cough Reflex ◽

Persistent Cough

The cough reflex is critically important in the clearance of abnormal airway secretions and protection of the lower respiratory tract from aspirated foreign matter. A weak or ineffective cough can lead to respiratory compromise from even a relatively minor bronchial infection. Persistent cough is often one of a constellation of symptoms indicative of respiratory disease—a potential clue in the differential diagnosis of the patient’s illness. Given the widespread distribution of sensory nerve endings of the cough reflex throughout the upper and lower respiratory tract, it is not surprising that myriad respiratory diseases, involving lung parenchyma and airways, can manifest with cough. Sometimes cough is the sole or predominant symptom in a patient who is otherwise well. Evaluating and treating the patient with persistent cough who has few, if any, other respiratory symptoms is a common challenge for the practicing physician. This review covers the normal cough mechanism, impaired cough, pathologic cough, cough suppressant therapy, and new developments. Figures show a flow-volume loop during cough, a posteroanterior chest x-ray in a patient presenting with chronic cough, flow-volume curves and spirograms documenting expiratory airflow obstruction, and the approach to the patient with chronic cough. The table lists selected examples of extrapulmonary physical findings of potential importance in the assessment of cough. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 1 table, and 94 references.

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Approach to the Patient with Cough

10.2310/im.1478 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher H. Fanta

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Chronic Cough ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Airflow Obstruction ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Lung Parenchyma ◽

Flow Volume ◽

Respiratory Compromise ◽

Cough Reflex ◽

Persistent Cough

The cough reflex is critically important in the clearance of abnormal airway secretions and protection of the lower respiratory tract from aspirated foreign matter. A weak or ineffective cough can lead to respiratory compromise from even a relatively minor bronchial infection. Persistent cough is often one of a constellation of symptoms indicative of respiratory disease—a potential clue in the differential diagnosis of the patient’s illness. Given the widespread distribution of sensory nerve endings of the cough reflex throughout the upper and lower respiratory tract, it is not surprising that myriad respiratory diseases, involving lung parenchyma and airways, can manifest with cough. Sometimes cough is the sole or predominant symptom in a patient who is otherwise well. Evaluating and treating the patient with persistent cough who has few, if any, other respiratory symptoms is a common challenge for the practicing physician. This review covers the normal cough mechanism, impaired cough, pathologic cough, cough suppressant therapy, and new developments. Figures show a flow-volume loop during cough, a posteroanterior chest x-ray in a patient presenting with chronic cough, flow-volume curves and spirograms documenting expiratory airflow obstruction, and the approach to the patient with chronic cough. The table lists selected examples of extrapulmonary physical findings of potential importance in the assessment of cough. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 1 table, and 94 references.

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Endotoxin responsiveness and grain dust-induced inflammation in the lower respiratory tract

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.1994.267.5.l609 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 267 (5) ◽

pp. L609-L617 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

D. A. Schwartz ◽

P. S. Thorne ◽

P. J. Jagielo ◽

G. E. White ◽

S. A. Bleuer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Dose Response ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Inhalation Exposure ◽

Tnf Alpha ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Sterile Saline ◽

Grain Dust

To identify the role of endotoxin responsiveness in grain dust-induced airway disease, we used two models of extotoxin hyporesponsiveness to perform inhalation exposure studies in mice. In the first model, we investigated whether genetic resistance to endotoxin would alter the inflammatory response to inhaled grain dust by comparing the inflammatory response in the lower respiratory tract of endotoxin-sensitive and -resistant male mice after inhalation of pyrogen-free saline, corn dust extract (CDE), sterile CDE (SCDE), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Endotoxin-sensitive and -resistant mice were exposed for 4 h to nebulized solutions of LPS, SCDE, or CDE. Another group of endotoxin-sensitive and -resistant mice was sham exposed for 4 h to nebulized sterile saline. Dose-response relationships for endotoxin were explored for LPS, SCDE, and CDE. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 5 h after the start of exposure demonstrated a higher concentration of total cells, neutrophils (PMNs), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in BAL fluid after inhalation of CDE, SCDE, or LPS in endotoxin-sensitive than in endotoxin-resistant mice. Whereas endotoxin-sensitive mice demonstrated a dose-response relationship between the endotoxin concentration in each of the solutions and the concentration of cells, PMNs, and TNF-alpha in BAL fluid, concentrations of TNF-alpha were significantly higher only in BAL fluid of endotoxin-resistant mice exposed to higher concentrations of SCDE or CDE. In the second model, we investigated whether acquired endotoxin tolerance would alter the inflammatory response to SCDE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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NEW FEATURES OF THE PHARMACOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ASTHMA

Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii ZHurnal ◽

10.36691/rja813 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 73-78

Author(s):

E V Nazarova ◽

Nataliya Ivanovna Il'ina ◽

E V Nazarova ◽

N I Ilina

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Asthma Control ◽

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Airflow Obstruction ◽

Convincing Evidence ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pharmacological Control

traditionally, bronchial asthma (Ba) was considered as a disease of large and medium bronchi, but recently obtained convincing evidence that inflammation in asthma captures the distal parts of the lower respiratory tract. several studies have proved that the peripheral respiratory ways, including the lung tissue itself, are the principal place of airflow obstruction in patients with asthma. there are currently actively being developed devices for improving the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs on the periphery of the lung, to improve asthma control.

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