Cholinergic Mechanisms Involved with Histamine Hyperreactivity in Immune Rabbit Airways Challenged with Ragweed Antigen

Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry provides an important tool to determine the ultrastructural distribution of various molecules in both normal and pathologic tissues. However, the specific immunostaining may be obscured by artifactual immunoreaction product, misleading the investigator. Previous observations show that shortening the incubation period with the primary antibody from the generally used 12-24 hours to 1 hour substantially reduces the artifactual immunostaining. We now extend this finding by the demonstration of artifact-free ultrastructural localization of the Ca2/calmodulindependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CaM-dependent PDE) immunoreactivity in brain.Anesthetized rats were perfused transcardially with phosphate-buffered saline followed by a fixative containing paraformaldehyde (4%) and glutaraldehyde (0.25%) in PBS. The brains were removed, and 40μm sections were cut with a vibratome. The sections were processed for immunocytochemistry as described by Ludvig et al. Both non-immune rabbit serum and specific CaM-dependent PDE antibodies were used. In both experiments incubations were at one hour and overnight. The immunostained sections were processed for electron microscopic examination.

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Immunochemical Characterization of Setaria cervi Microfilarial Antigens Using Novel Antibodies

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026619666190618112822 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (14) ◽

pp. 1263-1274 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anuradha Kalani ◽

Komal Kalani ◽

Poonam Chaturvedi ◽

Pankaj Chaturvedi

Keyword(s):

Adult Worm ◽

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Protective Immunity ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Immune Recognition ◽

Setaria Cervi ◽

Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis ◽

Study Results ◽

Immune Rabbit

Background:Filariasis affects millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is caused by nematode roundworm. In order to develop a vaccine and specific diagnostic tests, it is important to characterize different stages of the filarial worms. Microfilariae (Mf) stage of the roundworm is found in host’s blood or lymph vessels and can be important not only for developing better immunodiagnostics but also for understanding immune recognition and its relevance to immunepathogenesis and protective immunity.Objective:The present study aimed to immunocharacterize Mf and adult worm antigens that could be helpful in future diagnostic tests.Method:Four different immune sera against Setaria cervi intact live, intact live with adjuvant, intact glutaraldehyde fixed with adjuvant and total somatic Mf were prepared and used for the immunocharacterization of Mf antigens.Results:Our study results suggest that compared to fixed intact Mf, live intact Mf are more immunogenic, as the immune sera generated against intact live Mf showed high ELISA reactivity with Setaria cervi Mf and adult worm antigens. All the four immune sera IgG fractions had surface specificity as determined through considerable ELISA reactivity with S. cervi intact Mf. When tested under native conditions (immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis), all the four immune rabbit sera were able to detect antigens of S. cervi Mf and adult stages.Conclusion:These results can be useful in detailed understanding of the complex nature of the Mf and adult antigens, which are prerequisites in the development of vaccine and more specific diagnostic tests.

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Melatonin salvages lead‐induced neuro‐cognitive shutdown, anxiety, and depressive‐like symptoms via oxido‐inflammatory and cholinergic mechanisms

Brain and Behavior ◽

10.1002/brb3.2227 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Noah A. Omeiza ◽

Halimat A. Abdulrahim ◽

Abdullateef I. Alagbonsi ◽

Precious U. Ezurike ◽

Talha K. Soluoku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cholinergic Mechanisms

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Antibody to antihemophilic factor and its lack of reaction with hemophilic plasma

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1965.208.3.499 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 208 (3) ◽

pp. 499-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

William D. McLester ◽

Robert H. Wagner

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Human Plasma ◽

Measurable Effect ◽

Rabbit Plasma ◽

Canine Plasma ◽

Inhibitor Titer ◽

Antihemophilic Factor ◽

Immune Rabbit

A partially purified preparation of canine antihemophilic factor was obtained utilizing amino acids as precipitating agents. This AHF preparation was used as the antigen in an immunologic investigation of canine hemophilia. Plasma from rabbits immunized with this preparation contained antibodies which inhibited the coagulation of normal canine plasma. The immune rabbit plasma inhibited AHF activity but had no measurable effect on any other procoagulant. Neither canine hemophilic plasma nor fractions prepared from canine hemophilic plasma contained an antigen capable of neutralizing the inhibitor (no cross-reacting material). The inhibitor titer was inversely proportional to the amount of added AHF in the form of a fraction of normal canine plasma. The inhibitor cross-reacted with human plasma AHF, but not with porcine, bovine, or rabbit AHF. The results of these studies are interpreted as providing further evidence that hemophilia, specifically canine hemophilia, is due to the failure of production of the antihemophilic factor.

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Reticular facilitation of cat visual cortical responses is mediated by nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms

Experimental Brain Research ◽

10.1007/bf00230433 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

M. H. Lewandowski ◽

C. M. Müller ◽

W. Singer

Keyword(s):

Cholinergic Mechanisms ◽

Cortical Responses ◽

Muscarinic Cholinergic ◽

Visual Cortical

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Cholinergic mechanisms of lordotic behavior in rats

Physiology & Behavior ◽

10.1016/0031-9384(88)90126-6 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 507-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

L.S. Kaufman ◽

B.S. McEwen ◽

D.W. Pfaff

Keyword(s):

Cholinergic Mechanisms ◽

Lordotic Behavior

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Role of thromboxane-A2 and cholinergic mechanisms in bronchoconstriction induced by cigarette smoke in guinea-pigs

CrossRef Listing of Deleted DOIs ◽

10.1183/09031936.96.09122468 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 2468-2473 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

K. Matsumoto ◽

H. A Izawa ◽

H. Inoue ◽

S. Takata ◽

M. Shigyo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Cholinergic Mechanisms

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Impaired cholinergic mechanisms following exposure to monocrotophos in young rats

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327111405860 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 606-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Madhu Lata Sankhwar ◽

Rajesh S Yadav ◽

Rajendra K Shukla ◽

Aditya B Pant ◽

Dhirendra Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Frontal Cortex ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Repeated Exposure ◽

Learning Ability ◽

Cholinergic Mechanisms ◽

Young Rats ◽

High Consumption ◽

Quinuclidinyl Benzilate

Studies on the neurobehavioral toxicity of monocrotophos, an organophosphate, have been carried out on rats following their exposure from postnatal day (PD) 22 to PD 49 to investigate whether neurobehavioral changes are transient or persistent. Exposure of rats to monocrotophos (0.50 or 1.0 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) decreased body weight (10% and 30%) and impaired grip strength (28% and 32%) and learning ability (65% and 68%) at both the doses, respectively in comparison to controls. A trend of recovery was observed in body weight and learning, while decrease in grip strength persisted in rats 15 days after withdrawal. Activity of acetylcholinesterase was decreased in frontal cortex (36% and 67%), hippocampus (21% and 49%) and cerebellum (29% and 51%) in monocrotophos-treated rats at both the doses. The decrease in the activity of acetylcholinesterase persisted in frontal cortex and hippocampus; however, a trend of recovery was observed in cerebellum 15 days after withdrawal. Binding of 3 H-quinuclidinyl benzilate ( 3 H-QNB) to frontocortical (19% and 35%), hippocampal (32% and 39%) and cerebellar (19% and 28%) membranes was decreased in monocrotophos-treated rats compared to controls. The decrease in the binding of 3 H-QNB persisted in frontocortical, hippocampal and cerebellar membranes 15 days after withdrawal. The results suggest that repeated exposure to monocrotophos in rats may cause behavioral and neurochemical modifications which may persist even after withdrawal. The findings are of concern in view of the high consumption of monocrotophos in many countries.

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