Impaired cholinergic mechanisms following exposure to monocrotophos in young rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Lata Sankhwar ◽  
Rajesh S Yadav ◽  
Rajendra K Shukla ◽  
Aditya B Pant ◽  
Dhirendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Cholinergic Mechanisms ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Quinuclidinyl Benzilate

Studies on the neurobehavioral toxicity of monocrotophos, an organophosphate, have been carried out on rats following their exposure from postnatal day (PD) 22 to PD 49 to investigate whether neurobehavioral changes are transient or persistent. Exposure of rats to monocrotophos (0.50 or 1.0 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) decreased body weight (10% and 30%) and impaired grip strength (28% and 32%) and learning ability (65% and 68%) at both the doses, respectively in comparison to controls. A trend of recovery was observed in body weight and learning, while decrease in grip strength persisted in rats 15 days after withdrawal. Activity of acetylcholinesterase was decreased in frontal cortex (36% and 67%), hippocampus (21% and 49%) and cerebellum (29% and 51%) in monocrotophos-treated rats at both the doses. The decrease in the activity of acetylcholinesterase persisted in frontal cortex and hippocampus; however, a trend of recovery was observed in cerebellum 15 days after withdrawal. Binding of 3 H-quinuclidinyl benzilate ( 3 H-QNB) to frontocortical (19% and 35%), hippocampal (32% and 39%) and cerebellar (19% and 28%) membranes was decreased in monocrotophos-treated rats compared to controls. The decrease in the binding of 3 H-QNB persisted in frontocortical, hippocampal and cerebellar membranes 15 days after withdrawal. The results suggest that repeated exposure to monocrotophos in rats may cause behavioral and neurochemical modifications which may persist even after withdrawal. The findings are of concern in view of the high consumption of monocrotophos in many countries.

scholarly journals AMELIORATION OF ALUMINUM- AND FLUORIDE-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS THROUGH RESVERATROL IN RATS.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Chandra Shakar Reddy Nallagouni ◽  
Nageshwar Mesram ◽  
Pratap Reddy Karnati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Group I ◽  
Behavioral Activities ◽  
Group Ii

 Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of resveratrol against aluminum- and fluoride-altered neurobehavioral activities.Methods: Aluminum chloride (100 mg/kg body weight [bw])+sodium fluoride (10 mg/kg bw), aluminum chloride (100 mg/kg bw) + sodium fluoride (10 mg/kg bw) + resveratrol (30 mg/kg bw), and resveratrol (30 mg/kg bw) alone were given orally to II, III, and IV groups, respectively, and Group-I was served as control for 8 weeks. The bw, brain weight, grip strength, learning ability, and behavioral activities were assayed.Results: The results showed significantly (*p<0.05) altered body and brain weights, learning ability, grip strength, and behavioral activities in Group- II, whereas significant (*p<0.05) reversal was observed in Group-III.Conclusion: Taken together, the above findings conclude that resveratrol ameliorated aluminum and fluoride-altered neurobehavioral activities.

scholarly journals AMELIORATION OF ALUMINUM- AND FLUORIDE-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS THROUGH RESVERATROL IN RATS.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Shakar Reddy Nallagouni ◽  
Nageshwar Mesram ◽  
Pratap Reddy Karnati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Group I ◽  
Behavioral Activities ◽  
Group Ii

 Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of resveratrol against aluminum- and fluoride-altered neurobehavioral activities.Methods: Aluminum chloride (100 mg/kg body weight [bw])+sodium fluoride (10 mg/kg bw), aluminum chloride (100 mg/kg bw) + sodium fluoride (10 mg/kg bw) + resveratrol (30 mg/kg bw), and resveratrol (30 mg/kg bw) alone were given orally to II, III, and IV groups, respectively, and Group-I was served as control for 8 weeks. The bw, brain weight, grip strength, learning ability, and behavioral activities were assayed.Results: The results showed significantly (*p<0.05) altered body and brain weights, learning ability, grip strength, and behavioral activities in Group- II, whereas significant (*p<0.05) reversal was observed in Group-III.Conclusion: Taken together, the above findings conclude that resveratrol ameliorated aluminum and fluoride-altered neurobehavioral activities.

Learning ability of young rats is unaffected by repeated exposure to a static electromagnetic field in early life

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Zern Hong ◽  
Peter Huestis ◽  
Robert Thompson ◽  
Jen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Young Rats

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Short-term Ketogenic, High Fat and Fructose-enriched Diets on Metabolic Parameters in Mice (P08-042-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Cortez ◽  
John Solitro ◽  
Brian Hong ◽  
Emily Villarreal ◽  
Gerardo Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Glucose Levels

Abstract Objectives Dietary composition influences multiple facets of human health and is inextricably linked to chronic metabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a ketogenic (KD), a high fat (HF), and a fructose-enriched (FR) diets on glucose homeostasis, body composition and grip strength performance in mice. Methods Healthy C57BL/6 J mice (5–6 mice/group) were fed, either a control diet containing approximately 16% total calories from fat (CT), a diet containing 89% fat (KD), a diet with 50% total calories from fat (HF), or a diet with 32% fructose as carbohydrate source (FR). All diets contained 10% protein and all mice were fed ad libitum for 8 weeks. At baseline and 8 weeks, we evaluated body composition using NMR relaxometry, grip strength, non-fasting glucose levels, and ketone levels. In addition, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted by administering glucose by oral gavage (1 g/kg body weight) after 15 hour-fasting and blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after glucose administration. Results All mice, irrespectively of their experimental diet groups, increased their body weight, fat mass and adiposity without significant differences among them. After 4 weeks, the HF (P < 0.05) and FR (P < 0.01) groups had significantly higher glucose levels than control. At 8 weeks, the KD groups showed an improved glucose homeostasis compared to CT group, as determined by OGTT. Moreover, compared to the CT group, grip strength performance increased (although did not reached significance) in the KD group (P = 0.054), and decreased in the FR group (P < 0.05). Moreover, when compared to their respective baseline values, grip strength performance increased in KD-fed mice and decreased in FR-fed mice, but differences among them were not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Conclusions Our preliminary findings indicate that altering macronutrient composition can lead to metabolic and physiological changes. Among the three diets tested, the KD showed an improved glucose utilization and better grip strength performance in mice. Additional mechanistic studies are warranted to better understand these metabolic differences among the experimental diets. Funding Sources funds from the University of California, Davis.

Effect of fluoride on the proteomic profile of the hippocampus in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Pan ◽  
Peng Lü ◽  
Lijing Yin ◽  
Keping Chen ◽  
Yuanqing He
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Abstract Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to detect fluoride-induced alterations in the proteome of the rat hippocampus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30) were subjected to treatments three weeks after weaning. Animals of the first group were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with aqueous NaF (20 mg/kg/body weight/day), the second group, injected with physiological saline, served as the control. After 30 days, the body weight of the fluoride-treated rats was lower than that of the control, and F– levels in serum were higher than in the control. The hippocampus was subjected to proteomic analysis, and the fluoride-treated group was found to contain 19 up-regulated and eight down-regulated proteins. The proteins, identified by mass-spectroscopic analysis of their fragments obtained after digestion, were found to be involved in amino acid biosynthesis, the insulin signaling pathway and various other crucial functions. Our results also provide useful information on the mechanism of the reduction of the learning ability and memory induced by F.

scholarly journals Clustering of Excess Body Weight-Related Behaviors in a Sample of Brazilian Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica de Souza Dantas ◽  
Michel dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Lopes ◽  
Dartagnan Guedes ◽  
Macksuelle Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Reference Cluster

The aim of the study was to identify the existence of clusters in multiple lifestyle behaviors, including consumption of fruits/vegetables, sugary products/soft drinks, physical activity and sedentary behavior. The association between identified clusters and excess body weight in a sample of adolescents from Dourados, Brazil, was examined. This is a cross-sectional school-based study involving 578 participants aged 12–18 of both sexes. Anthropometric measurements were performed and a questionnaire was applied with structured questions to collect data. Excess body weight was identified through body mass index. Cluster analysis was performed to identify sex-specific clusters of multiple lifestyle behaviors. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression were used to analyze associations between clusters and excess body weight. Six clusters were identified in both sexes. Girls and boys in the cluster characterized by greater time spent in sedentary behavior were 53% (OR = 1.53 [1.06–2.26]) and 63% (OR = 1.63 [1.12–2.35]) more likely to present excess body weight compared to their peers in the reference cluster. In the case of adolescents in the cluster characterized by high consumption of sugary products/soft drinks, girls were 47% more likely to be overweight (OR = 1.47 [1.05–2.13]) and boys were 51% more likely (OR = 1.51 [1.05–2.16]). High consumption of fruits/vegetables, low consumption of sugary products/soft drinks and less sedentary behavior was considered the most effective combination for the maintenance of a healthy weight.

scholarly journals Ketamine prolongs survival in symptomatic SOD1-G93A mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Stanford ◽  
Matthew Macaluso ◽  
Richard J. Barohn ◽  
Lauren Peck
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Optimal Dosing ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

  Objective. Although riluzole and edaravone are FDA-approved for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), these drugs have negligible effect on disease progression and survival. Recent studies reporting neuroprotection from sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine support testing this drug in this rapidly progressing and fatal disease.       Methods. We administered ketamine at 0, 10, and 30 mg/kg to SOD1-G93A mice 5 days/week beginning at 90 days of age. We measured body weight, grip strength, and survival in this model of ALS.       Results. Although ketamine did not influence disease-related loss of body weight, it did delay grip strength declines in the 30 mg/kg group. Ketamine also prolonged survival in the 30 mg/kg group and dose-dependently increased the latency between 20% loss of body weight and death.       Conclusions. These results support further testing of ketamine in preclinical models of ALS to determine optimal dosing. They also support testing in the clinic given the limited efficacy of current ALS treatments and given FDA approval of ketamine for other indications like treatment-resistant depression.  

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