Richness of the Nearctic Treehopper Fauna (Hemiptera: Aetalionidae and Membracidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3423 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEWIS L. DEITZ ◽  
MATTHEW S. WALLACE
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Regional Diversity ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
Quercus Spp ◽  
Voucher Material ◽  
Published Research

The indigenous Nearctic treehopper fauna includes 2 families, 6 subfamilies, 20 tribes, 68–72 genera, and 276–280 de-scribed species, of which 1 tribe, 16 genera, and 195 species are endemic. This work provides an alphabetical checklist ofthe species (with distributions as documented in the literature) as well as discussions and two tables summarizing the tax-onomic and regional diversity of this rich, distinctive fauna. The tribes Smiliini and Telamonini (Membracidae: Smilii-nae), which include many specialists on oaks (Quercus spp.), are the two most species-rich tribes. Maps of the Nearcticsubregions document the species richness of each state and province, 22 of which have between 60 and 118 reported spe-cies. The Southwest U.S. has the largest number of genera of the subregions, while both the Southwest and the Centraland Eastern U.S. are highly species rich. Arizona stands apart as an area of exceptional endemism with one genus and 25species known only from within its borders. Among families of auchenorrhynchous Hemiptera, Membracidae rank thirdin total numbers of Nearctic species. This study highlights the need for: (1) improved taxonomic understanding, especiallythrough comprehensive generic revisions; (2) further collecting to fill gaps in geographic sampling; and (3) the preserva-tion of identifiable voucher material, with full data (including geo-cordinates and, where known, host plant data) to document all published research.

scholarly journals Effects of the Trophobiont HerbivoreCalloconophora pugionata(Hemiptera) on Ant Fauna Associated withMyrcia obovata(Myrtaceae) in a Montane Tropical Forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberth Fagundes ◽  
Kleber Del-Claro ◽  
Sérvio Pontes Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Ant Assemblages ◽  
Montane Tropical Forest ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Dominant Ant

Many studies have investigated the mechanisms behind the structure of arboreal ant assemblages. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of availability of honeydew-producing colonies ofCalloconophora pugionata(Membracidae) on the structure of ant assemblages associated with the host plantMyrcia obovata(Myrtaceae) in an Atlantic forest of Minas Gerais (Brazil). Our experiment consisted in a gradual exclusion of hemipteran colonies out of the host plant crown and further record of the ant assemblage response (species richness, composition, and occurrence) to the presence and density of treehopper colonies. The hypothesis was that an increase in the number of trophobiont herbivores results in an increase in tending ant occurrence but a reduction in ant species diversity. Results corroborated our main hypothesis: membracids had a positive effect on the occurrence of ants but negative on species richness. Overall insect occurrence was also reduced with increasing inC. pugionatacolonies, probably due to strengthening dominant ant species territory sizes and intensification of patrolling.

scholarly journals The Effect of Host-Plant Phylogenetic Isolation on Species Richness, Composition and Specialization of Insect Herbivores: A Comparison between Native and Exotic Hosts

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e0138031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Miguel Grandez-Rios ◽  
Leonardo Lima Bergamini ◽  
Walter Santos de Araújo ◽  
Fabricio Villalobos ◽  
Mário Almeida-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Insect Herbivores

scholarly journals Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what’s known and what’s next?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Gamfeldt ◽  
Jonathan S Lefcheck ◽  
Jarrett E K Byrnes ◽  
Bradley J Cardinale ◽  
J. Emmett Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Marine Realm ◽  
Pervasive Loss

Marine ecosystems are experiencing rapid and pervasive loss of species. Understanding the consequences of species loss is critical to effectively managing these systems. Over the last several years, numerous experimental manipulations of species richness have been performed, yet existing quantitative syntheses have focused on a just a subset of processes measured in experiments and, as such, have not summarized the full data available from marine systems. Here, we present the results of a meta-analysis of 174 marine experiments from 42 studies that have manipulated the species richness of organisms across a range of taxa and trophic levels and analysed the consequences for various ecosystem processes (categorised as production, consumption or biogeochemical fluxes). Our results show that, generally, mixtures of species tend to enhance levels of ecosystem function relative to the average component species in monoculture, but have no or negative effect on functioning relative to the ‘highest-performing' species. These results are largely consistent with those from other syntheses, and extend conclusions to ecological functions that are most commonly measured in the marine realm (e.g. nutrient release from sediment bioturbation). For experiments that manipulated three or more levels of richness, we attempted to discern the functional form of the BEF relationship. We found that, for response variables categorised as consumption, a power-function best described the relationship, which is also consistent with previous findings. However, we identified a linear relationship between richness and production. Combined, our results suggest that losses of species will, on average, tend to alter the functioning of marine ecosystems. We outline several research frontiers that will allow us to more fully understand how, why, and when diversity may drive the functioning of marine ecosystems.

An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4614 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
VASCO VEIGA BRANCO ◽  
EDUARDO MORANO ◽  
PEDRO CARDOSO
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Species ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Ciudad Real ◽  
Online Catalogue

We updated a previous database that compiled all the information available in 2010 for the species distribution of spiders (Araneae) in the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands (Illes Balears) included. By the end of 2018 a total of 30834 records were compiled. These belong to 1493 species, 282 of those endemic to the peninsula, across 56 families and 402 genera. This represents an increase of approximately 14% in the number of species in the last nine years. From all families found in the Iberian Peninsula, Araneidae represent the highest number of records (3315), Linyphiidae the highest species richness (302) and Dysderidae the highest endemic richness (58). When considering only the 2010 decade, Linyphiidae lead in both number of records (1417) and species (49), but Gnaphosidae have the highest newly described endemic richness (18). When looking at the full data per province, the largest number of records are located in Illes Balears (1864), followed by Barcelona (1287). When it comes to species, Huesca (474) and Barcelona (470) are the richest provinces. However, it is Illes Balears that possesses the largest known endemic richness (43), followed by Beja and Faro (39). Regarding the last decade, Illes Balears received the largest sampling effort with 901 records, followed by Girona (806). Ciudad Real had the highest increase in known richness with 191 new species to the province, followed by León and Lleida (188). The most new endemic species were found in Faro (16), followed by Almería and Cádiz (13). This checklist is accompanied by an online catalogue where all its information is fully listed.

Aleurotrachelus Quaintance & Baker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and allied genera from Taiwan

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2685 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANIL KUMAR DUBEY ◽  
CHIUN-CHENG KO
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Plant Data

Whitefly species from Taiwan of the genera Aleurotrachelus Quaintance & Baker, Cohicaleyrodes Bink-Moenen and Crenidorsum Russell are revised, based mainly on type specimens, together with keys to species, host-plant data, and puparial diagnoses of the genera. Five species are transferred from Aleurotrachelus: Cohicaleyrodes caerulescens (Singh) comb. nov., Co. rubi (Takahashi) comb. nov., Co. taiwanus (Takahashi) comb. nov., Crenidorsum alpinus (Takahashi) comb. nov., and Cr. elatostemae (Takahashi) comb. nov. Puparia are selected as lectotypes for each of the following species: A. fissistigmae Takahashi, A. pyracanthae Takahashi, Co. rubi, Cr. elatostemae, Cr. micheliae (Takahashi) and Cr. turpiniae (Takahashi). A neotype is designated for Co. taiwanus (Takahashi). Aleurotrachelus anonae Corbett and the genus Cohicaleyrodes Bink-Moenen are newly recorded from Taiwan. Drawings of the puparia, microscopic images and diagnosis of each species are given.

Does host-plant diversity explain species richness in insects? A test using Coccidae (Hemiptera)

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEN-PO LIN ◽  
DIANNE H. COOK ◽  
PENNY J. GULLAN ◽  
LYN G. COOK
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Diversity

scholarly journals Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what’s known and what’s next?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Gamfeldt ◽  
Jonathan S Lefcheck ◽  
Jarrett E K Byrnes ◽  
Bradley J Cardinale ◽  
J. Emmett Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Marine Realm ◽  
Pervasive Loss

Marine ecosystems are experiencing rapid and pervasive loss of species. Understanding the consequences of species loss is critical to effectively managing these systems. Over the last several years, numerous experimental manipulations of species richness have been performed, yet existing quantitative syntheses have focused on a just a subset of processes measured in experiments and, as such, have not summarized the full data available from marine systems. Here, we present the results of a meta-analysis of 174 marine experiments from 42 studies that have manipulated the species richness of organisms across a range of taxa and trophic levels and analysed the consequences for various ecosystem processes (categorised as production, consumption or biogeochemical fluxes). Our results show that, generally, mixtures of species tend to enhance levels of ecosystem function relative to the average component species in monoculture, but have no or negative effect on functioning relative to the ‘highest-performing' species. These results are largely consistent with those from other syntheses, and extend conclusions to ecological functions that are most commonly measured in the marine realm (e.g. nutrient release from sediment bioturbation). For experiments that manipulated three or more levels of richness, we attempted to discern the functional form of the BEF relationship. We found that, for response variables categorised as consumption, a power-function best described the relationship, which is also consistent with previous findings. However, we identified a linear relationship between richness and production. Combined, our results suggest that losses of species will, on average, tend to alter the functioning of marine ecosystems. We outline several research frontiers that will allow us to more fully understand how, why, and when diversity may drive the functioning of marine ecosystems.

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