Taxonomic validity of Mesoclemmys heliostemma (McCord, Joseph-Ouni & Lamar, 2001) (Testudines, Chelidae) inferred from morphological analysis

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3575 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
FLAVIO B. MOLINA ◽  
FABIO A. MACHADO ◽  
HUSSAM ZAHER
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Northern Brazil

Mesoclemmys heliostemma (Testudines: Chelidae) was described based on five vouchered specimens and nine live spec-imens from the western Amazon basin. Some authors questioned its status as a valid species, suggesting that it representsa junior synonym of M. raniceps. Here, we report on eight additional specimens from eastern Peru and northern Brazil,and provide descriptive statistics of morphological characters for hatchlings, juveniles, and adults of M. heliostemma, M.raniceps, and M. gibba. We also test for group differences through univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, anddiscuss some advantages of this methodology. Our data suggest that all three taxa are morphologically divergent, and that M. heliostemma is a valid species.

Mesobuthus eupeus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Iran: A polytypic species complex

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2929 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
OMID MIRSHAMSI ◽  
ALIREZA SARI ◽  
ELAHE ELAHI ◽  
SHIDOKHT HOSSEINIE
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Comparative Morphological Analysis

In the present study a number of scorpions from Iran classified under the name of Mesobuthus eupeus (C.L. Koch, 1839) were considered. Currently, M. eupeus includes at least 14 described subspecies with no concrete taxonomic position. Here, this species is redescribed based on new specimens collected from Iran. In addition, multivariate statistical analyses were performed to investigate the degree of intraspecific morphological divergence of M. eupeus based on six Iranian subspecies. The results of morphological comparisons and univariate and multivariate statistical analyses confirm the high phenotypic variability within this species. The data presented here revealed two distinct groups: I. M. e. phillipsi and, II. Including five subspecies namely, M. e. eupeus, M. e. philippovitschi, M. e. thersites M. e. afghanus and M. e. kirmanensis. The results of this study clearly confirm the hypothesis that M. eupeus is a polytypic species complex and possibly includes more than one valid species. Therefore, according to comparative morphological analysis, M. e. phillipsi was raised to the species level.

scholarly journals Principal components analysis of employment in Eastern Europe

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Savic
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
Components Analysis

For the last decade, the employment structure is one of the fastest changing areas of Eastern Europe. This paper explores the best methodology to compare the employment situations in the countries of this region. Multivariate statistical analyses are very reliable in portraying the full picture of the problem. Principal components analysis is one of the simplest multivariate methods. It can produce very useful information about Eastern European employment in a very easy and understandable way.

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