An active-mode organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display on a fabric substrate is expected to be a prominent textile display for e-textile applications. However, the large surface roughness of the fabric substrate limits the aperture ratio—the area ratio of the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) to the total pixel area. In this study, the aperture ratio of the AMOLED panel fabricated on the polyethylene terephthalate fabric substrate was enhanced by applying a stacked-pixel structure, in which the OLED was deposited above the organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) pixel circuit layer. The stacked pixels were achieved using the following three key technologies. First, the planarization process of the fabric substrate was performed by sequentially depositing a polyurethane and photo-acryl layer, improving the surface roughness from 10 μm to 0.3 μm. Second, a protection layer consisting of three polymer layers, a water-soluble poly-vinyl alcohol, dichromated-polyvinylalcohol (PVA), and photo acryl, formed by a spin-coating processes was inserted between the OTFT circuit and the OLED layer. Third, a high mobility of 0.98 cm2/V∙s was achieved at the panel scale by using hybrid carbon nano-tube (CNT)/Au (5 nm) electrodes for the S/D contacts and the photo-acryl (PA) for the gate dielectric, enabling the supply of a sufficiently large current (40 μA @ VGS = −10 V) to the OLED. The aperture ratio of the AMOLED panel using the stacked-pixel structure was improved to 48%, which was about two times larger than the 19% of the side-by-side pixel, placing the OLED just beside the OTFTs on the same plane.
Textile Display with AMOLED Using a Stacked-Pixel Structure on a Polyethylene Terephthalate Fabric Substrate