scholarly journals Change in Pupil Size Reveals Impact of Simulated-Cochlear Implant Speech on Listening Effort

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Jessica Defenderfer ◽  
Mary McGarr ◽  
A. Caglar Tas
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Listening Effort

Listening Effort With Cochlear Implant Simulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Pals ◽  
Anastasios Sarampalis ◽  
Deniz Başkent
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Listening Effort ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Spectral Channels

Purpose Fitting a cochlear implant (CI) for optimal speech perception does not necessarily optimize listening effort. This study aimed to show that listening effort may change between CI processing conditions for which speech intelligibility remains constant. Method Nineteen normal-hearing participants listened to CI simulations with varying numbers of spectral channels. A dual-task paradigm combining an intelligibility task with either a linguistic or nonlinguistic visual response-time (RT) task measured intelligibility and listening effort. The simultaneously performed tasks compete for limited cognitive resources; changes in effort associated with the intelligibility task are reflected in changes in RT on the visual task. A separate self-report scale provided a subjective measure of listening effort. Results All measures showed significant improvements with increasing spectral resolution up to 6 channels. However, only the RT measure of listening effort continued improving up to 8 channels. The effects were stronger for RTs recorded during listening than for RTs recorded between listening. Conclusion The results suggest that listening effort decreases with increased spectral resolution. Moreover, these improvements are best reflected in objective measures of listening effort, such as RTs on a secondary task, rather than intelligibility scores or subjective effort measures.

scholarly journals Cognitive and physiological measures of listening effort during degraded speech perception: A comparison of dual-task and pupillometry paradigms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Elizabeth Margaret Colby ◽  
Bob McMurray
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Listening Effort ◽  
Response Feedback ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: Listening effort is quickly becoming an important metric for assessing speech perception in less-than-ideal situations. However, the relationship between the construct of listening effort and the measures used to assess it remain unclear. We compared two measures of listening effort: a cognitive dual task and a physiological pupillometry task. We sought to investigate the relationship between these measures of effort and whether engaging effort impacts speech accuracy.Method: In Experiment 1, 30 participants completed a dual task and pupillometry task that were carefully matched in stimuli and design. The dual task consisted of a spoken word recognition task and a visual match-to-sample task. In the pupillometry task, pupil size was monitored while participants completed a spoken word recognition task. Both tasks presented words at three levels of listening difficulty (unmodified, 8-channel vocoding, and 4-channel vocoding) and provided response feedback on every trial. We refined the pupillometry task in Experiment 2 (n=31); crucially, participants no longer received response feedback. Finally, we ran a new group of subjects on both tasks in Experiment 3 (n=30).Results: In Experiment 1, accuracy in the visual task decreased with increased listening difficulty in the dual task, but pupil size was sensitive to accuracy and not listening difficulty. After removing feedback in Experiment 2, changes in pupil size were predicted by listening difficulty, suggesting the task was now sensitive to engaged effort. Both tasks were sensitive to listening difficulty in Experiment 3, but there was no relationship between the tasks and neither task predicted speech accuracy.Conclusions: Consistent with previous work, we found little evidence for a relationship between different measures of listening effort. We also found no evidence that effort predicts speech accuracy, suggesting that engaging more effort does not lead to improved speech recognition. Cognitive and physiological measures of listening effort are likely sensitive to different aspects of the construct of listening effort.

Alpha and Theta EEG Variations as Indices of Listening Effort to Be Implemented in Neurofeedback Among Cochlear Implant Users

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Cartocci ◽  
Anton Giulio Maglione ◽  
Dario Rossi ◽  
Enrica Modica ◽  
Gianluca Borghini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Listening Effort

scholarly journals Social Connectedness and Perceived Listening Effort in Adult Cochlear Implant Users

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 922-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Hughes ◽  
Hayley A. Hutchings ◽  
Frances L. Rapport ◽  
Catherine M. McMahon ◽  
Isabelle Boisvert
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Listening Effort

scholarly journals Cortical alpha oscillations in cochlear implant users reflect subjective listening effort during speech-in-noise perception

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254162
Author(s):  
Brandon T. Paul ◽  
Joseph Chen ◽  
Trung Le ◽  
Vincent Lin ◽  
Andrew Dimitrijevic
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Listening Effort ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Alpha Oscillations ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Eeg Alpha ◽  
Cortical Regions

Listening to speech in noise is effortful for individuals with hearing loss, even if they have received a hearing prosthesis such as a hearing aid or cochlear implant (CI). At present, little is known about the neural functions that support listening effort. One form of neural activity that has been suggested to reflect listening effort is the power of 8–12 Hz (alpha) oscillations measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Alpha power in two cortical regions has been associated with effortful listening—left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and parietal cortex—but these relationships have not been examined in the same listeners. Further, there are few studies available investigating neural correlates of effort in the individuals with cochlear implants. Here we tested 16 CI users in a novel effort-focused speech-in-noise listening paradigm, and confirm a relationship between alpha power and self-reported effort ratings in parietal regions, but not left IFG. The parietal relationship was not linear but quadratic, with alpha power comparatively lower when effort ratings were at the top and bottom of the effort scale, and higher when effort ratings were in the middle of the scale. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive systems that are engaged in difficult listening situations, and the implication for clinical translation.

scholarly journals Listening effort: Not just a function of speech intelligibility scores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Winn ◽  
Katherine H. Teece
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Listening Effort ◽  
Wrong Answer ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
Whole Word

Speech perception and listening effort are complicated and interrelated concepts. One might assume that intelligibility performance (percent correct) is a proxy for listening effort, but there are some reasons to challenge whether that is actually true. Correct responses in speech perception tests could reflect effortful mental processing, and a completely wrong answer could evoke very little effort, especially if the misperception itself is linguistically well-formed and sensible. This paper presents evidence that listening effort is not a function of the proportion of words correct, but is rather driven by the types of errors, position of errors within a sentence, and the need to resolve ambiguity, reflecting how easily the listener can make sense of a perception. We offer a taxonomy of error types that is both intuitive and also consistent with data from two experiments measuring listening effort with careful controls to either elicit specific kinds of mistakes or to track specific mistakes retrospectively. Participants included individuals with normal hearing or with cochlear implants. In two experiments of sentence repetition, listening effort – indexed by changes in pupil size – was found to scale with the amount of perceptual restoration needed (phoneme versus whole word), and also scale with the sensibility of responses, but not with the number of intelligibility errors. Although mental corrective action and number of mistakes can scale together in many experiments, it is possible to dissociate them in order to advance toward a more explanatory (rather than correlational) account of listening effort.

scholarly journals SoftVoice Improves Speech Recognition and Reduces Listening Effort in Cochlear Implant Users

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Christiaan Stronks ◽  
Eline Apperloo ◽  
Raphael Koning ◽  
Jeroen J. Briaire ◽  
Johan H. M. Frijns
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Listening Effort

scholarly journals Effect of Spectral Channels on Speech Recognition, Comprehension, and Listening Effort in Cochlear-Implant Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 233121652090461
Author(s):  
Carina Pals ◽  
Anastasios Sarampalis ◽  
Andy Beynon ◽  
Thomas Stainsby ◽  
Deniz Başkent
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Listening Effort ◽  
Spectral Channels

scholarly journals Listening Effort Is Not the Same as Speech Intelligibility Score

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 233121652110276
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Winn ◽  
Katherine H. Teece
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Listening Effort ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
Intelligibility Score ◽  
Important Notion

Listening effort is a valuable and important notion to measure because it is among the primary complaints of people with hearing loss. It is tempting and intuitive to accept speech intelligibility scores as a proxy for listening effort, but this link is likely oversimplified and lacks actionable explanatory power. This study was conducted to explain the mechanisms of listening effort that are not captured by intelligibility scores, using sentence-repetition tasks where specific kinds of mistakes were prospectively planned or analyzed retrospectively. Effort measured as changes in pupil size among 20 listeners with normal hearing and 19 listeners with cochlear implants. Experiment 1 demonstrates that mental correction of misperceived words increases effort even when responses are correct. Experiment 2 shows that for incorrect responses, listening effort is not a function of the proportion of words correct but is rather driven by the types of errors, position of errors within a sentence, and the need to resolve ambiguity, reflecting how easily the listener can make sense of a perception. A simple taxonomy of error types is provided that is both intuitive and consistent with data from these two experiments. The diversity of errors in these experiments implies that speech perception tasks can be designed prospectively to elicit the mistakes that are more closely linked with effort. Although mental corrective action and number of mistakes can scale together in many experiments, it is possible to dissociate them to advance toward a more explanatory (rather than correlational) account of listening effort.

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