scholarly journals Queer Diagnoses Parallels and Contrasts in the History of Homosexuality, Gender Variance, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) Review and Recommendations Prepared for the DSM-V Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders Work Group

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-335
Author(s):  
Jack Drescher
Author(s):  
Lore M. Dickey

In the past fifty years, gender identity has been closely linked to mental health. This is due, in part, to the classification of gender identity disorder and gender dysphoria being listed as mental health disorders in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This chapter focuses on the history of the intersection of gender identity and mental health. The author explores first the history addressing the intersection of gender identity and mental health and then evidence-based research exploring this intersection. This includes the ways that mental health has and continues to impact transgender people. The author examines co-occurring mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and bipolar disorder as well as the ways that race and ethnicity complicate these disparities. Finally, the author addresses the future directions in the areas of research, clinical practice, and training.


2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Fernandes ◽  
Edna Leite ◽  
Fernando Vieira ◽  
Jorge Costa Santos

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> On 10 February 2010, the American Psychiatric Association published an online draft of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which, like the previous editions, after having received several comments and contributions, was subject during the next following years, to the technical and scientific scrutiny, and, of course, susceptible to modification leading to a final improved version.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> This article aims to analyze the changes proposed by this new review, investigate whether these have implications in the field of Forensic Psychiatry and discuss the implications identified.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> In this perspective, the object of analysis are issues related to the classification and structuring of nosological entities, with special focus on personality disorders, substance abuse disorders, sexual and gender identity disorders, anxiety disorders, dissociative disorders, psychotic disorders and also disorders suggested by external sources.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> the main changes proposed are essentially about diagnostic criteria, which, for some of nosological entities, may hinder the outcome of the expert assessment, while for others there could be otherwise, since the introduction of new models closer to reality appears to offer greater objectivity and diagnostic rigor.</p>


Author(s):  
Hamzeh Hosseini ◽  
Neda Zamani ◽  
Amirhossein Ahmadi

Background:  Diplopia, or double vision, is a common ophthalmologic complaint with many underlying causes, ocular and neurological. Aripiprazole has been reported to have fewer adverse effects and better efficacy than other atypical antipsychotics. Although ocular side effects of aripiprazole are not remarkable, two cases of diplopia associated with aripiprazole have been reported in the literature. Objectives: Herein, we report the third case of diplopia, after the aripiprazole prescription in a woman with depressive disorder. Case Presentation: A 37-year-old woman was brought to our clinic with symptoms of sleep loss, displeasure, auditory hallucination, and pessimistic thoughts. After a clinical interview, the patient was diagnosed with depression with psychotic features according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-V) of mental disorders. She underwent treatment with 15 mg/d aripiprazole and 20 mg/d fluoxetine. Her symptoms reduced after three months as indicated by the visual analog scale. However, the patient returned to the clinic and complained of double vision. Neither neurological nor ophthalmological problems were observed following examinations by specialists. When the dose of the drug decreased and eventually discontinued, diplopia disappeared over 24 hours. Conclusion: Since the patient had no history of diplopia and two cases of diplopia associated with aripiprazole were previously reported in the literature, we expected that the diplopia was related to the recently prescribed aripiprazole treatment. Physicians should be aware of the possible risk of diplopia-induced by aripiprazole and recommend patients discontinuing the drug immediately if complications have occurred.


Author(s):  
Gemma Lewis ◽  
Glyn Lewis

This chapter discusses the epidemiology of depression. It first explains what epidemiology is before turning to issues associated with the measurement and classification of depression. In particular, it considers the diagnosis of depression according to two main criteria provided by the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for mental disorders (DSM-V) and the ICD-10. It then reviews research on the frequency and distribution of depression in the population, including community surveys of mental health that have been conducted in the United States since the end of the Second World War. It also examines the influence of age and gender on the incidence of depression and concludes with some theoretical accounts of the possible causes (determinants) of depression.


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