Differential Correlations among Allergy Tests According to Indoor Allergens in Allergic Rhinitis

Objectives: Several allergy tests are used for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis; however, few studies have reported a direct comparison of the skin prick test (SPT), multiple allergen simultaneous test (MAST), and ImmunoCAP according to specific allergens. This study aimed to evaluate the correlations between each test and allergic rhinitis symptoms and to evaluate the correlations of the MAST and ImmunoCAP with the SPT for representative indoor allergens in Korea. Methods: Electronic medical charts were retrospectively reviewed, and 698 patients with allergic rhinitis who had performed SPT, MAST, and ImmunoCAP were enrolled. Correlations between each allergy test for 4 representative indoor allergens and the symptoms of allergic rhinitis were analyzed. Agreements of the MAST and ImmunoCAP with the SPT were compared according to each allergen. Results: The SPT showed higher correlations with allergic rhinitis symptoms for 4 indoor allergens ( Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, cat, and dog allergens) than the MAST or ImmunoCAP. In comparison between the MAST and SPT, the least correlation was observed for the dog allergen, whereas between the ImmunoCAP and SPT, the least correlation was observed for the cat allergen. The correlation between the ImmunoCAP and SPT was higher than that between the MAST and SPT for the dog allergen, whereas no significant differences were noted for other allergens. Conclusions: Overall, the SPT showed a higher correlation with allergic rhinitis symptoms than the MAST or ImmunoCAP for 4 indoor allergens. ImmunoCAP showed similar reactivity to MAST; however, it showed better positivity with dog allergen in patients who were reactive to the allergen in the SPT. Care should be taken while evaluating dog allergen sensitization using the MAST.

Download Full-text

Incidence of sensitization to specific inhalatory allergens in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp170309071b ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 50-54

Author(s):

Maja Buljcik-Cupic ◽

Slobodan Savovic ◽

Sanja Hromis ◽

Slobodanka Lemajic-Komazec ◽

Dea Karaba-Jakovljevic

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Skin Prick Test ◽

Allergic Sensitization ◽

Positive Skin Prick Test ◽

Indoor Allergens ◽

Positive Skin ◽

Prick Test ◽

Chronic Rhinitis ◽

Frequent Type ◽

Number Of Patients

Backgound/Aim. Allergic rhinitis is the most frequent type of rhinitis affecting more than 600 million people worldwide. As incidence increases, it is important to know about the characteristics, the allergens that exacerbate it as well as effects of allergic rhinitis on population. The aim of this study was to determine among patients with chronic rhinitis the number of patients positive to standard inhaled allergens, their distribution by sex, age and to determine the type and frequency of allergic sensitization to specific inhalatory allergens. Methods. Data was collected from 514 patients tested for standard inhalatory allergens via the skin prick test from 01.01.2016 to 31.12. 2016. Age, sex and concomitant diseases as well an analysis of type and frequency of hypersensitivity to different allergens were assessed and recorded. Results. Of 514 patients, 307 patients, with an average age of 29.6 ? 8.88 years had a positive skin prick test. The sex ratio was 1.2 : 1 in favor of the females. Outdoor allergens affected 81.2% of all patients while indoor allergens 66.4% of them. Weed pollen (71%), grass pollen (61%) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (46%) were the most common allergens. Most patients were sensitized to 1 (22%) or 2 (22%) allergens, while 20% of patients were simultaneously sensitized to 3 allergens. Conclusion. Most patients with the symptoms of chronic rhinitis had a positive allergic reaction. Those in their third decade of life were the most commonly affected. Outdoor allergens were the most prevalent allergen group, and weed pollen was the most frequent type of allergen.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of local allergic rhinitis to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in chronic rhinitis with negative skin prick test

Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.12932/ap-170918-0408 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Skin Prick Test ◽

Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus ◽

Prick Test ◽

Chronic Rhinitis ◽

Local Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Negative Skin Prick Test

Download Full-text

Variability of Offending Allergens of Allergic Rhinitis According to Age: Optimization of Skin Prick Test Allergens

Allergy Asthma and Immunology Research ◽

10.4168/aair.2014.6.1.47 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Ji-Eun Lee ◽

Jae-Chul Ahn ◽

Doo Hee Han ◽

Dong-Young Kim ◽

Jung-Whun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Skin Prick Test ◽

Prick Test

Download Full-text

The Importance of Nasal Provocation Testing in the Diagnosis of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-Induced Allergic Rhinitis

American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy ◽

10.1177/19458924211037913 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194589242110379

Author(s):

Hao Xiao ◽

Qiaoru Jia ◽

Hongting Zhang ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Guo Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Immunoglobulin E ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus ◽

Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽

Prick Test ◽

Nasal Provocation ◽

Provocation Testing ◽

Nasal Provocation Testing

Background Allergen identification is the first step for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) of allergic rhinitis (AR). Currently, the diagnosis of AR is based mainly on the positive results of the skin prick test (SPT) and/or serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) measurement. However, the results of these two tests may not always directly correlate with AR. Objective To investigate the importance of nasal provocation testing (NPT) in the diagnosis of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p)-induced AR. Methods Rhinitis patients willing to undergo AIT (n = 171) were enrolled. The correlations of Der p SPT, sIgE, NPT, and clinical symptom severity were assessed. Results NPT-positive responses were more common in patients with higher SPT and sIgE levels. The optimal cut-off value for a NPT-positive response for SPT was 5.5 mm and for sIgE was 2.77 kUA/L, based on the respective receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROCs was 0.814 (SPT only) and 0.794 (sIgE only) and increased to 0.828 with the combination of SPT and sIgE. The Der p-NPT concentration was inversely correlated with SPT and sIgE levels ( r = −0.477, P < .001, and r = −0.461, P < .001, respectively), but none was correlated with the total nasal symptom score. Conclusion For patients who are willing to receive Der p AIT, NPT is a useful and safe test to confirm diagnosis prior to treatment initiation, especially in patients with lower levels of Der p SPT (< 5.5 mm) or sIgE (< 2.77 kUA/L).

Download Full-text

Relationship between Responses to Bronchodilation Testing and to Nasal Decongestion Testing in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Alone

European Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1177/1721727x0900700305 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 153-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Ciprandi ◽

A. Pistorio ◽

M.A. Tosca ◽

I. Cirillo ◽

G.L. Marseglia

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Skin Prick Test ◽

Nasal Obstruction ◽

Clinical Examination ◽

Positive Response ◽

Bronchial Obstruction ◽

Prick Test ◽

Large Group ◽

Lower Airways

A remarkable relationship exists between upper and lower airways. Bronchial obstruction is a paramount feature of asthma as well as nasal obstruction of allergic rhinitis (AR). This study aims to evaluate the response to both bronchodilation and decongestion testing and their relationships in a large group of patients with moderate-severe persistent AR alone. Two hundred eleven patients with moderate-severe persistent AR were prospectively and consecutively evaluated. Clinical examination, skin prick test, spirometry, bronchodilation test, rhinomanometry, and decongestion test were performed on all patients. Seventeen subjects (8%) did not respond to any of the tests, 55 subjects (26.1%) were responders only to the decongestion test, 31 (14.7%) only to the bronchodilation test, and 108 subjects (51.2%) responded to both these tests. Longer AR duration was significantly associated with positive response to both tests (p<0.01). In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that patients with moderate-severe persistent AR may frequently show reversibility to both bronchodilation and decongestion tests.

Download Full-text

Study of causal aeroallergens in allergic rhinitis

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20192556 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 916

Author(s):

Divya Aggarwal ◽

Abhilash S. ◽

Sunil Kapur ◽

Divya Gupta

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Skin Prick Test ◽

Symptom Score ◽

Eosinophil Count ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Nasal Symptom ◽

Total Serum ◽

Serum Ige ◽

Prick Test ◽

Absolute Eosinophil Count

Background: The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis requires a detailed history, thorough clinical examination and identification of aeroallergens by skin prick test. The diagnosis cannot be confirmed on the basis of symptoms alone because both allergic and non-allergic rhinitis can present with similar symptoms. The present study was undertaken to identify the common aeroallergens causing allergic rhinitis and to find any relationship of the severity of patient’s symptoms with raised levels of absolute eosinophil count, percentage of eosinophils in the peripheral blood and total serum IgE.Methods: It is cross sectional study was conducted among 100 patients including both the genders attending out-patient department of ENT. The patients were divided into mild, moderate and severe disease categories based on nasal symptom score (NSS) which was calculated taking into account the severity of four symptoms namely sneezing, watery rhinorrhoea, itching sensation in nose and nasal obstruction. Results: 76% of patients had moderate nasal symptom score and 42% had symptoms of allergic rhinitis for less than 3 years. The prevalence of skin prick test was strongly positive for pollens (46.19%), followed by dust (16.4%), dust mites (15.7%), fungus (9.7%), insects (9.24%) and epithelia (2.77%). But, among 68 aeroallergens, most common offending allergen was D-farinae (30%). There was no significant relationship found to exist between Eosinophilia, Absolute eosinophil count and serum IgE level with that of nasal symptom score.Conclusions: Skin prick test is the gold standard investigation of choice for definitive diagnosis of allergic rhinitis.

Download Full-text