scholarly journals Lower anterior cingulate volume in seriously violent men with antisocial personality disorder or schizophrenia and a history of childhood abuse

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Kumari ◽  
Shahir Uddin ◽  
Preethi Premkumar ◽  
Susan Young ◽  
Gisli H Gudjonsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Violent Men

Reduced thalamic volume in men with antisocial personality disorder or schizophrenia and a history of serious violence and childhood abuse

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kumari ◽  
G.H. Gudjonsson ◽  
S. Raghuvanshi ◽  
I. Barkataki ◽  
P. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
History Of

AbstractObjectiveViolent behaviour has been associated with presence of certain mental disorders, most notably antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and schizophrenia, childhood abuse, and multiple brain abnormalities. This study examined for the first time, to the authors’ knowledge, the role of psychosocial deprivation (PSD), including childhood physical and sexual abuse, in structural brain volumes of violent individuals with ASPD or schizophrenia.MethodsFifty-six men (26 with ASPD or schizophrenia and a history of serious violence, 30 non-violent) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and were assessed on PSD. Stereological volumetric brain ratings were examined for group differences and their association with PSD ratings. PSD-brain associations were examined further using voxel-based-morphometry.ResultsThe findings revealed: reduced thalamic volume in psychosocially-deprived violent individuals, relative to non-deprived violent individuals and healthy controls; negative association between thalamic volume and abuse ratings (physical and sexual) in violent individuals; and trend-level negative associations between PSD and hippocampal and prefrontal volumes in non-violent individuals. The voxel-based-morphometry analysis detected a negative association between PSD and localised grey matter volumes in the left inferior frontal region across all individuals, and additionally in the left middle frontal and precentral gyri in non-violent individuals.ConclusionsViolent mentally-disordered individuals with PSD, relative to those with no or minimal PSD, suffer from an additional brain deficit, i.e., reduced thalamic volume; this may affect sensory information processing, and have implications for management, of these individuals. PSD may have a stronger relationship with volumetric loss of stress-linked regions, namely the frontal cortex, in non-violent individuals.

CSF 5-HIAA and Family History of Antisocial Personality Disorder in Newborns

1997 ◽  
Vol 154 (12) ◽  
pp. 1771-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Constantino ◽  
Jennifer A. Morris ◽  
Dennis L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
History Of

Neurological soft signs in homicidal men with antisocial personality disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Lindberg ◽  
Pekka Tani ◽  
Jan-Henry Stenberg ◽  
Björn Appelberg ◽  
Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Neurological Soft Signs ◽  
System Defect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
And Gender

AbstractNeurological soft signs (NSS) are characterized by abnormalities in motor, sensory, and integrative functions. NSS have been regarded as a result of neurodevelopmental dysfunction, and as evidence of a central nervous system defect, resulting in considerable sociopsychological dysfunction. During the last decade there has been growing evidence of brain dysfunction in severe aggressive behavior. As a symptom, aggression overlaps a number of psychiatric disorders, but it is commonly associated with antisocial personality disorder. The aim of the present study was to examine NSS in an adult criminal population using the scale by Rossi et al. [29]. Subjects comprised 14 homicidal men with antisocial personality disorder recruited from a forensic psychiatric examination. Ten age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers as well as eight patients with schizophrenia, but no history of physical aggression, served as controls. The NSS scores of antisocial offenders were significantly increased compared with those of the healthy controls, whereas no significant differences were observed between the scores of offenders and those of patients with schizophrenia. It can be speculated that NSS indicate a nonspecific vulnerability factor in several psychiatric syndromes, which are further influenced by a variety of genetic and environmental components. One of these syndromes may be antisocial personality disorder with severe aggression.

scholarly journals Psychopathic traits in adolescence: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Ronchetti ◽  
Gabriel José Chittó Gauer ◽  
Sílvio Vasconcellos ◽  
Leonardo Machado da Silva ◽  
Guinter Luhring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Tendency ◽  
Psychological Instruments

Currently, and throughout the history of mental healthcare, the literature highlights that there is no agreement on the use of the terms "antisocial personality disorder" and "psychopathic personality". This paper aims to promote a debate over these concepts and their evaluation for both adults and adolescents. With this aim, a systematic review was conducted in the MedLine data base between 1968 and March 2011 using the terms "adolescent", "antisocial personality disorder", and "personality assessment". From the 59 identified articles 29 were selected to further analysis. The discussion of these terms was confirmed, as well as the importance of assessing psychopathic traits during adolescence. An initial tendency to disregard the term psychopathy and its affective implications was evidenced. However, the latest psychological instruments return to the discussion regarding the use of this diagnosis and its implications.

Lack of quality assurance in forensic psychiatry: false positive prevalence of antisocial personality disorder among norwegian inmates on preventive detention

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 797-797
Author(s):  
H. Vaeroy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Positive Diagnosis ◽  
False Positive Diagnosis ◽  
History Of

IntroductionA Norwegian government publication (1) claims a prevalence of around 50% of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) in a small group of male detainees on preventive detention. The present study population is recruited from more or less the same population as those among whom a 50% prevalence of APD has been claimed (1). Norwegian forensic investigators rarely (17%) apply psychometric tools to confirm their clinical diagnosis (2).AimsTo confirm the diagnosis of APD applying SCID axis II. Methods: Fifty six inmates were available at the prison. Twenty eight were willing to participate (50%). Two were excluded. Thus, 26 (46%) inmates participated. DSM IV, SCID axis II was applied.ResultsNone of the 26/56 matched the APD criteria, mainly failing to fulfil the diagnosis of Conduct Disorder (CD) before the age of 15 years. All the inmates had a history of antisocial behaviour.ConclusionsTo explain the claim of around 50% APD in view of the present results, close to 100% APD should be found among the remaning thirty non-participating inmates. We consider this unlikely.A diagnosis of APD based on the history of antisocial behaviour alone represents a pitfall. Lack of quality assurance could lead to false positive diagnosis. The need for a standardized approach and quality assurance in Norwegian forensic psychiatric evaluations seems nevessary to avoid false positive diagnosis.

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