A History of Moral Insanity, Psychopathy, and Antisocial Personality DisorderA History of Moral Insanity, Psychopathy, and Antisocial Personality Disorder

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6161 (1414) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Colotla
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Moral Insanity ◽  
History Of

CSF 5-HIAA and Family History of Antisocial Personality Disorder in Newborns

1997 ◽  
Vol 154 (12) ◽  
pp. 1771-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Constantino ◽  
Jennifer A. Morris ◽  
Dennis L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
History Of

Neurological soft signs in homicidal men with antisocial personality disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Lindberg ◽  
Pekka Tani ◽  
Jan-Henry Stenberg ◽  
Björn Appelberg ◽  
Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Neurological Soft Signs ◽  
System Defect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
And Gender

AbstractNeurological soft signs (NSS) are characterized by abnormalities in motor, sensory, and integrative functions. NSS have been regarded as a result of neurodevelopmental dysfunction, and as evidence of a central nervous system defect, resulting in considerable sociopsychological dysfunction. During the last decade there has been growing evidence of brain dysfunction in severe aggressive behavior. As a symptom, aggression overlaps a number of psychiatric disorders, but it is commonly associated with antisocial personality disorder. The aim of the present study was to examine NSS in an adult criminal population using the scale by Rossi et al. [29]. Subjects comprised 14 homicidal men with antisocial personality disorder recruited from a forensic psychiatric examination. Ten age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers as well as eight patients with schizophrenia, but no history of physical aggression, served as controls. The NSS scores of antisocial offenders were significantly increased compared with those of the healthy controls, whereas no significant differences were observed between the scores of offenders and those of patients with schizophrenia. It can be speculated that NSS indicate a nonspecific vulnerability factor in several psychiatric syndromes, which are further influenced by a variety of genetic and environmental components. One of these syndromes may be antisocial personality disorder with severe aggression.

Psychopathy and the Media

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Moral Insanity ◽  
The Media ◽  
Rational Understanding ◽  
The One ◽  
Medical Treatises ◽  
The 19Th Century

The term “psychopath” has come in popular use to be understood as a description of an individual who seems to have a clear and rational understanding of the world around them; they are not deluded or suffering from hallucinations and yet they seem to be able to act with great cruelty or with recklessness towards the safety of others and themselves. The medical and legal professions have been struggling for over 200 hundred years to reach agreement on whether there might be appropriate psychiatric diagnoses that might helpfully describe such individuals. Various terms such as moral insanity, monomania, psychopathy, and antisocial personality disorder have been used. The term “psychopath” is the one that has become most firmly fixed in the public imagination. The violence and harm that people with these kinds of problems might do can raise a great deal of public anxiety. This anxiety has often played out and been amplified in various forms of the media. This article traces some of the ways that various forms of popular media have been of crucial importance to shaping our understanding of “psychopathy” and the related diagnoses of moral insanity, monomania, and antisocial personality disorder. From the medical treatises and press reporting of notorious trails, and the explorations of dangerous forms of consciousness in the 19th century, to the way that the mass media, including films, have presented such problems, they have often had a key influence on the legal and medical formulations.

scholarly journals Psychopathic traits in adolescence: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Ronchetti ◽  
Gabriel José Chittó Gauer ◽  
Sílvio Vasconcellos ◽  
Leonardo Machado da Silva ◽  
Guinter Luhring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Tendency ◽  
Psychological Instruments

Currently, and throughout the history of mental healthcare, the literature highlights that there is no agreement on the use of the terms "antisocial personality disorder" and "psychopathic personality". This paper aims to promote a debate over these concepts and their evaluation for both adults and adolescents. With this aim, a systematic review was conducted in the MedLine data base between 1968 and March 2011 using the terms "adolescent", "antisocial personality disorder", and "personality assessment". From the 59 identified articles 29 were selected to further analysis. The discussion of these terms was confirmed, as well as the importance of assessing psychopathic traits during adolescence. An initial tendency to disregard the term psychopathy and its affective implications was evidenced. However, the latest psychological instruments return to the discussion regarding the use of this diagnosis and its implications.

Lack of quality assurance in forensic psychiatry: false positive prevalence of antisocial personality disorder among norwegian inmates on preventive detention

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 797-797
Author(s):  
H. Vaeroy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Positive Diagnosis ◽  
False Positive Diagnosis ◽  
History Of

IntroductionA Norwegian government publication (1) claims a prevalence of around 50% of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) in a small group of male detainees on preventive detention. The present study population is recruited from more or less the same population as those among whom a 50% prevalence of APD has been claimed (1). Norwegian forensic investigators rarely (17%) apply psychometric tools to confirm their clinical diagnosis (2).AimsTo confirm the diagnosis of APD applying SCID axis II. Methods: Fifty six inmates were available at the prison. Twenty eight were willing to participate (50%). Two were excluded. Thus, 26 (46%) inmates participated. DSM IV, SCID axis II was applied.ResultsNone of the 26/56 matched the APD criteria, mainly failing to fulfil the diagnosis of Conduct Disorder (CD) before the age of 15 years. All the inmates had a history of antisocial behaviour.ConclusionsTo explain the claim of around 50% APD in view of the present results, close to 100% APD should be found among the remaning thirty non-participating inmates. We consider this unlikely.A diagnosis of APD based on the history of antisocial behaviour alone represents a pitfall. Lack of quality assurance could lead to false positive diagnosis. The need for a standardized approach and quality assurance in Norwegian forensic psychiatric evaluations seems nevessary to avoid false positive diagnosis.

Reduced thalamic volume in men with antisocial personality disorder or schizophrenia and a history of serious violence and childhood abuse

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kumari ◽  
G.H. Gudjonsson ◽  
S. Raghuvanshi ◽  
I. Barkataki ◽  
P. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
History Of

AbstractObjectiveViolent behaviour has been associated with presence of certain mental disorders, most notably antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and schizophrenia, childhood abuse, and multiple brain abnormalities. This study examined for the first time, to the authors’ knowledge, the role of psychosocial deprivation (PSD), including childhood physical and sexual abuse, in structural brain volumes of violent individuals with ASPD or schizophrenia.MethodsFifty-six men (26 with ASPD or schizophrenia and a history of serious violence, 30 non-violent) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and were assessed on PSD. Stereological volumetric brain ratings were examined for group differences and their association with PSD ratings. PSD-brain associations were examined further using voxel-based-morphometry.ResultsThe findings revealed: reduced thalamic volume in psychosocially-deprived violent individuals, relative to non-deprived violent individuals and healthy controls; negative association between thalamic volume and abuse ratings (physical and sexual) in violent individuals; and trend-level negative associations between PSD and hippocampal and prefrontal volumes in non-violent individuals. The voxel-based-morphometry analysis detected a negative association between PSD and localised grey matter volumes in the left inferior frontal region across all individuals, and additionally in the left middle frontal and precentral gyri in non-violent individuals.ConclusionsViolent mentally-disordered individuals with PSD, relative to those with no or minimal PSD, suffer from an additional brain deficit, i.e., reduced thalamic volume; this may affect sensory information processing, and have implications for management, of these individuals. PSD may have a stronger relationship with volumetric loss of stress-linked regions, namely the frontal cortex, in non-violent individuals.

scholarly journals Clinical and behavioral correlates in adult methamphetamine users with childhood exposure to household drug and alcohol use

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Wanida Rattanasumawong ◽  
Robert T. Malison ◽  
Joel Gelernter ◽  
Yaira Nunez ◽  
Rasmon Kalayasiri
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Impact

Aims: To describe and compare methamphetamine (MA) users with and without a family history of alcohol or drug () use in the household. Design:  A total of 1144 Thai-speaking MA users in Thailand were recruited for a cohort study. Cross-sectional baseline data were analyzed according to their exposure to FAOD use (FAOD+/FAOD-). The Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA) was utilized to collect baseline socio-demographic information and variables known to be associated with the impact of FAOD use. Findings:  FAOD+ participants had lower average years of education (p<0.01), fewer average months of employment in the past year (p<0.01) and reported higher rates of self-harm experience (p<0.001), gambling (p=0.018) and antisocial personality disorder  (p=0.015). FAOD+ participants had more severe clinical, adverse consequences. FAOD+ significantly predicted episodes of lifetime MA use (R2 =0.004,  p=0.032), the largest number of drinks ever had in a 24-hour period (R2 =0.01, p=0.001), paranoid experiences ([OR]=1.090, p=0.004), alcohol dependence ([OR]=1.112, p=0.001) and antisocial personality disorder ([OR]=1.139, p=0.015). FAOD+ participants who were exposed to alcohol only were more likely to report a significantly higher number of drinks ever had in a 24-hour periods (p<0.005). Similarly, FAOD+ participants who were exposed to MA use only were significantly more likely to report more frequent use of MA (p<0.005). Conclusions:  FAOD+ participants were characterized by a generally more severe clinical presentation than FAOD- participants. Moreover, we show the specificity of drug type mattered, with family exposure of alcohol and MA associated with greater subsequent use of the respective drugs.

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