Gender and Community Supervision: Examining Differences in Violations, Sanctions, and Recidivism Outcomes

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872098190
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Campbell ◽  
Ryan M. Labrecque ◽  
Megan E. Mohler ◽  
Molly J. Christmann
Keyword(s):  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Doubly Robust ◽  
Supervision Strategies ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Purposive Sample

While correctional scholarship emphasizes the importance of addressing dynamic risk factors in changing behavior, a debate continues on the role of gendered effects relating to such factors and supervision strategies. This study advances the debate and approach to violators by examining factors that reduce recidivism among technical violators. Using a large purposive sample of people on supervision, this study assesses differences between men and women in violating behavior, the sanctions used, and subsequent responses. To isolate effects of gender, we employ propensity score modeling coupled with a doubly robust design. Findings suggest that while some gendered differences exist, effect sizes are generally small and suggest responses to violators may be best focused on dynamic factors generally, rather than gender specific.

Predictive Accuracy of Dynamic Risk Factors for Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Sex Offenders

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Helmus ◽  
Kelly M. Babchishin ◽  
Julie Blais
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Relationship Stability ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Aboriginal Offenders

Although Aboriginal offenders are overrepresented in Canadian prisons, there is limited research examining the extent to which commonly used risk factors and risk scales are applicable to Aboriginals. Aboriginal ( n = 88) and non-Aboriginal ( n = 509) sex offenders on community supervision were compared on the dynamic risk factors of STABLE-2007. Data on sexual, violent, any crime, and any recidivism (including breaches) were collected with an average follow-up of 3.4 years. Aboriginal offenders scored significantly higher than non-Aboriginal offenders on STABLE-2007 total scores and on several items measuring general criminality. STABLE-2007 did not significantly predict recidivism with Aboriginal offenders (although it did for non-Aboriginals). The general antisociality items were generally significantly less predictive for Aboriginals than non-Aboriginals, whereas items assessing sexual self-regulation and relationship stability predicted similarly for both groups. These exploratory results suggest that Aboriginal sex offenders are a higher-needs group but that some STABLE-2007 items are not predictive with this population.

Does Reassessment Enhance the Prediction of Imminent Criminal Recidivism? Replicating Lloyd et al. (2020) With High-Risk Parolees

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112199321
Author(s):  
Simon T. Davies ◽  
Caleb D. Lloyd ◽  
Devon L. L. Polaschek
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Dynamic Risk Assessment

Lloyd et al. (2020) proposed and tested a novel three-step framework for examining the extent to which reassessment of dynamic risk and protective factors enhances the prediction of imminent criminal recidivism. We conducted a conceptual replication of Lloyd et al.’s study. We used the same dynamic risk assessment measure in the same jurisdiction but, unlike Lloyd et al., our sample comprised solely high-risk men on parole in New Zealand ( N = 966), the individuals who are most frequently reassessed in the community and most likely to imminently reoffend. The results of the previous study were largely reproduced: reassessment consistently enhanced prediction, with the most pronounced effects observed for a scale derived from theoretically acute dynamic risk factors. These findings indicate reassessment effects are robust to sample selection based on a narrower range of risk levels and remain robust across years of practice in applied contexts, despite potential organizational drift from initial training and reassessment fatigue. The findings also provide further support for the practice of ongoing risk reassessment in community supervision and suggest that the method proposed by Lloyd et al. is a replicable approach for testing the essential criteria for defining dynamic risk and protective factors.

scholarly journals @myTabu—A Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial of a Guided Web-Based Intervention for Individuals Who Sexually Abused Children and Individuals Who Consumed Child Sexual Exploitation Material: A Clinical Study Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fromberger ◽  
Sonja Schröder ◽  
Louisa Bauer ◽  
Bruno Siegel ◽  
Safiye Tozdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Sexually Abused Children

Background: There is a high demand for evidence-based and cost-effective treatment concepts for convicted individuals who sexually abused children (ISAC) and individuals who consumed child sexual exploitation material (ICCSEM) under community supervision (CS). The @myTabu-consortium developed a guided web-based intervention for convicted ISAC and ICCSEM under CS consisting of six online modules targeting psychological meaningful risk factors. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this guided web-based intervention in reducing dynamic risk factors and the risk to re-offend compared to a placebo condition. Furthermore, these dynamic risk factors are measured before and after every module to evaluate their individual effectiveness to reduce the respective risk factor as well as risk to re-offend. This clinical trial protocol describes the planned methods as well as the intervention concept.Methods: The methodological design is a placebo controlled randomized add-on trial (N = 582) with follow-ups at 8 points in time. The placebo condition controls for attention and expectation effects and comprises the same amount of modules with a comparable temporal effort as the experimental intervention. The trial is conducted as an add-on to community supervision as usually done. Primary outcomes are dynamic risk factors assessed by self-report risk assessment tools and officially recorded re-offenses.Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, the study is the first to compare the (cost-) effectiveness of a guided web-based intervention for convicted ISAC and ICCSEM under community supervision against a placebo condition. Methodological limitations (e.g., potential ceiling- or volunteers-effects) are discussed.Clinical Trial Registration: German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS 00021256). Prospectively registered: 24.04.2020.

Examining the role of static and dynamic risk factors in the prediction of inpatient violence: Variable- and person-focused analyses.

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara E. McDermott ◽  
John F. Edens ◽  
Cameron D. Quanbeck ◽  
David Busse ◽  
Charles L. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk

Effectiveness of psychological interventions to improve emotion regulation in youth - a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Moltrecht ◽  
Jessica Deighton ◽  
Praveetha Patalay ◽  
Julian Childs
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
What Works ◽  
Large Heterogeneity ◽  
Larger Sample

Background: Research investigating the role of emotion regulation (ER) in the development and treatment of psychopathology has increased in recent years. Evidence suggests that an increased focus on ER in treatment can improve existing interventions. Most ER research has neglected young people, therefore the present meta-analysis summarizes the evidence for existing psychosocial intervention and their effectiveness to improve ER in youth. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-one randomized-control-trials (RCTs) assessed changes in ER following a psychological intervention in youth exhibiting various psychopathological symptoms.Results: We found moderate effect sizes for current interventions to decrease emotion dysregulation in youth (g=-.46) and small effect sizes to improve emotion regulation (g=0.36). Significant differences between studies including intervention components, ER measures and populations studied resulted in large heterogeneity. Conclusion: This is the first meta-analysis that summarizes the effectiveness for existing interventions to improve ER in youth. The results suggest that interventions can enhance ER in youth, and that these improvements correlate with improvements in psychopathology. More RCTs including larger sample sizes, different age groups and psychopathologies are needed to increase our understanding of what works for who and when.

The association of sexual preference and dynamic risk factors with undetected child pornography offending

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Kuhle ◽  
E. Schlinzig ◽  
G. Kaiser ◽  
T. Amelung ◽  
A. Konrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Child Pornography ◽  
Sexual Preference ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk

Assessing change in dynamic risk factors in forensic psychiatric inpatients: relationship with psychopathy and recidivism

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Mastromanno ◽  
Delene M. Brookstein ◽  
James R. P. Ogloff ◽  
Rachel Campbell ◽  
Chi Meng Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric
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