A Union of Dynamic Hydrological Modeling and Satellite Remotely-Sensed Data for Spatiotemporal Assessment of Sediment Yields

(1) The existing frameworks for water quality modeling overlook the connection between multiple dynamic factors affecting spatiotemporal sediment yields (SY). This study aimed to implement satellite remotely sensed data and hydrological modeling to dynamically assess the multiple factors within basin-scale hydrologic models for a realistic spatiotemporal prediction of SY in watersheds. (2) A connective algorithm was developed to incorporate dynamic models of the crop and cover management factor (C-factor) and the soil erodibility factor (K-factor) into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with the aid of the Python programming language and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The algorithm predicted the annual SY in each hydrologic response unit (HRU) of similar land cover, soil, and slope characteristics in watersheds between 2002 and 2013. (3) The modeled SY closely matched the observed SY using the connective algorithm with the inclusion of the two dynamic factors of K and C (predicted R2 (PR2): 0.60–0.70, R2: 0.70–0.80, Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NS): 0.65–0.75). The findings of the study highlight the necessity of excellent spatial and temporal data in real-time hydrological modeling of catchments.

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE CAPACITY OF GARAGE DEFROSTING OF THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE

Purpose. The aim of the work is to develop a method for estimating the capacity of garages for defrosting the transport system of an industrial enterprise. Research methods. In the course of the research methods of analysis and logic were used to evaluate scientific and technical publications related to the development and calculation of the capacity of technical devices of cargo stations and unloading complexes. Results. The method of estimating the capacity of defrosting garages of the transport system of an industrial enterprise is developed in the work. The developed method is based on the comparison of the calculated and required capacity of garages for defrosting of large unloading complexes of industrial enterprises. The need to introduce the reserve capacity of defrosting garages in connection with the influence of dynamic factors into the model is substantiated during the research. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a method for estimating the capacity of garages for defrosting the transport system of an industrial enterprise. Practical value. The developed method of capacity assessment allows to optimally, comprehensively synchronize the operation of defrost garages and unloading complex with processing capacity and thus increase the efficiency of management of the transport system of an industrial enterprise.

Multi-Layer Attack Graph Analysis in the 5G Edge Network Using a Dynamic Hexagonal Fuzzy Method

Overall, 5G networks are expected to become the backbone of many critical IT applications. With 5G, new tech advancements and innovation are expected; 5G currently operates on software-defined networking. This enables 5G to implement network slicing to meet the unique requirements of every application. As a result, 5G is more flexible and scalable than 4G LTE and previous generations. To avoid the growing risks of hacking, 5G cybersecurity needs some significant improvements. Some security concerns involve the network itself, while others focus on the devices connected to 5G. Both aspects present a risk to consumers, governments, and businesses alike. There is currently no real-time vulnerability assessment framework that specifically addresses 5G Edge networks, with regard to their real-time scalability and dynamic nature. This paper studies the vulnerability assessment in the 5G networks and develops an optimized dynamic method that integrates the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with the hexagonal fuzzy numbers to accurately analyze the vulnerabilities in 5G networks. The proposed method considers both the vulnerability and 5G network dynamic factors such as latency and accessibility to find the potential attack graph paths where the attack might propagate in the network and quantifies the attack cost and security level of the network. We test and validate the proposed method using our 5G testbed and we compare the optimized method to the classical TOPSIS and the known vulnerability scanner tool, Nessus.

Performance Evaluation of Different Control Methods for an Underactuated Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (QUAV) with Position Estimator and Disturbance Observer

The main aim of this manuscript is to design and demonstrate the performance of different control algorithms with position estimator and disturbance observer to track the helical trajectory by an underactuated quadrotor craft under the influence of unmodelled dynamic factors and external disturbances. The manuscript consists of the derivations related to the kinematics and dynamics of quadrotor dully derived using the Newton Euler approach. It is one of the strenuous tasks to stabilize and control the quadrotor for helical trajectory tracking since it is an underactuated mechatronic system. In addition to this, with inclusion of unmodelled dynamic factors, it faces some of the serious transient and steady-state issues including Zeno noise. In this research manuscript, dual-loop single-dimension fuzzy sliding mode control (DLSDF-SMC) is proposed to improve the helical trajectory tracking performance, and to tackle the unmodelled dynamic factors, a state feedback controller is proposed consisting of a position estimator and disturbance observer design. The entire system is distributed into two subsystems such that within the angular subsystem, the attitude control is proposed using DLSDF-SMC, and for the translational subsystem, the paper proposes the position control design based on the hyperbolic function to avoid the gimbal lock issue. The overall stability of the proposed closed-loop control scheme is also proved. The simulation work for the proposed algorithm is performed using MATLAB and Simulink software and compared with the conventional sliding mode control (SMC) and fuzzy-based SMC control designs. This work demonstrates that the DLSDF-SMC control technique with position estimator and disturbance observer design in feedback not only improves the aggressive maneuvers while tracking the helical trajectory but also tackles the transient and steady-state issues.

Modeling the Business Environment of an Energy Holding in the Formation of a Financial Strategy

This article consists of the development of a set of methodological provisions concerning the identification of the features of the influence of the business environment on the effectiveness of the implementation of the company’s financial strategy and the development of a system for its adaptation to the conditions of a dynamic external environment. The purpose of this article is to build an economic and mathematical model to identify the main elements of the business environment that affect the company’s strategy, the formation of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of a financial strategy taking into account such influence. The author’s contribution consists in the development of an effective financial algorithmic strategy of the energy holding, considering the influence of the environmental factors. Hypothesis: the use of mathematical models of the business environment will increase the efficiency of energy holding management in the field of finance and investments. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the development of an algorithm that allows for obtaining an integral assessment of the impact of external and internal factors of the energy holding’s business environment on its financial strategy using taxonomy methods, multidimensional statistical analysis and cluster and discriminant models. Results: the authors have developed a model of the influence of the energy holding’s business space, which allows improving the interaction of financial flows within the holding and obtaining an optimal distribution of financial resources, taking into consideration the dynamic factors of the company’s external environment.

Conceptualising Syrian War Migrations: Displacements, Migrants’ Rights and the Major Reception Regimes

This article focuses on the migration of people from Syria after the outbreak of the civil war. The ambition of the article is to develop and nuance the typology of migrations of Syrians and relate the categories of international migrants to their rights, as provided by various reception regimes. The proposed typologies may help us better to understand the complexity of the migrations and the inconsistencies in reception and humanitarian standards. We argue that migration trends, reception regimes and the positioning of the Syrian refugees and migrants are highly interconnected and dynamic factors, resulting in different regular and irregular flows and migrant statuses. Furthermore, it is maintained that the management of the Syrian humanitarian and refugee crisis has revealed – and probably more so than any other, comparable event – the variety of inconsistencies in migration and protection policies and the widespread lack of will for more equitable burden-sharing.

Barriers and facilitators of technological eco-innovations: a multilevel analysis in a Brazilian cosmetics company

PurposeThis study analyzed the multilevel barriers and facilitators of technological eco-innovations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors carried out an in-depth case study in a Brazilian cosmetics company, recognized for its eco-innovative initiatives, which has the technological eco-innovation of products as a central sustainability strategy.FindingsThe results contribute to the existing literature, showing that multilevel analysis is effective for minimizing barriers and increasing facilitators, especially through the company's adoption of an eco-innovation strategy and planning methodologies. The authors identified four groups of barriers: market, raw material, governmental and company's internal factors; and four groups of facilitators: legislation, market and technological innovation, communication and environmental management.Originality/valueThe original research results contribute both to the literature and to the companies that aim to implement eco-innovative measures. The results showed that the adoption of innovation strategies and planning methodologies by the company can minimize barriers and enhance facilitators. In addition the fact is that barriers and facilitators of implementing eco-innovations are dynamic factors that require continuous monitoring since they can be a barrier in one circumstance and a facilitator in another.

An age-old issue: Evaluating the applicability of adult criminal risk assessment tools for use with youth offenders

<p>Research has consistently recognized that youth and adults share risk factors for crime, although whether certain factors are of increased importance during adolescence is debated. The present research evaluated the extent to which two risk assessment tools could predict criminal and breach reconviction in a matched sample of youth (aged 17-19) and adult (aged 20-60) community- supervised offenders: The Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR) and the static Risk of re-Conviction X Risk of re-Imprisonment (RoC*RoI). Cox regression and AUC analyses revealed initial DRAOR scores had mixed predictive validity for both groups, while proximal risk scores showed comparably moderate to high accuracy for youth and adults. Protective scores were consistently poor predictors for adults. The proximal assessment predicted reconviction better than the initial assessment, and decreases in risk scores between assessments were associated with a reduction in the likelihood of reconviction, showing the value in monitoring risk and updating assessment. The RoC*RoI predicted criminal reconviction for adults but did not predict either reconviction outcome for youth. These findings support the use of the DRAOR for identifying which youth and adults are likely to reoffend, and suggest that dynamic factors might be more useful predictors than static for assessing and monitoring youth offenders.</p>

An age-old issue: Evaluating the applicability of adult criminal risk assessment tools for use with youth offenders

<p>Research has consistently recognized that youth and adults share risk factors for crime, although whether certain factors are of increased importance during adolescence is debated. The present research evaluated the extent to which two risk assessment tools could predict criminal and breach reconviction in a matched sample of youth (aged 17-19) and adult (aged 20-60) community- supervised offenders: The Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR) and the static Risk of re-Conviction X Risk of re-Imprisonment (RoC*RoI). Cox regression and AUC analyses revealed initial DRAOR scores had mixed predictive validity for both groups, while proximal risk scores showed comparably moderate to high accuracy for youth and adults. Protective scores were consistently poor predictors for adults. The proximal assessment predicted reconviction better than the initial assessment, and decreases in risk scores between assessments were associated with a reduction in the likelihood of reconviction, showing the value in monitoring risk and updating assessment. The RoC*RoI predicted criminal reconviction for adults but did not predict either reconviction outcome for youth. These findings support the use of the DRAOR for identifying which youth and adults are likely to reoffend, and suggest that dynamic factors might be more useful predictors than static for assessing and monitoring youth offenders.</p>

Dynamic modeling of defective gears

The use of geared transmissions has a long history and a rich experience, which has allowed the development of an intense research activity that has led to modern design methods, mostly standardized and execution technologies that have become traditional. As the fundamental sciences have provided more and more in-depth and refined knowledge, namely performance algorithms of optimal synthesis, the design in the field of gear transmissions has evolved by integrating in the calculation methods a growing number of elements. of influence (materials, geometry, dimensional and shape deviations, heat treatments, kinematic, energetic, dynamic factors, etc.). Automated modeling and simulation currently allow the prediction of behavior - from all points of view of a transmission - during operation.