The Effects of Vocal Mediating Responses on Visual Motor Tasks with Deaf and Hearing Children

The research investigated the effects of vocal labeling on short-term memory with two MA levels of deaf and hearing children. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the nature of the interaction among vocal labels, age levels, and a design arrangement task. It was found that 6 year old deaf and hearing children performed the same while 9 year old hearing children showed better recall than their deaf peers, with and without vocal labels. For the deaf, vocal labeling tended to have an interfering effect at the older levels, in part because of the competing stimuli in vocal auditory and visual-motor responses.

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Decoding Movements from Cortical Ensemble Activity Using a Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Network

Neural Computation ◽

10.1162/neco_a_01189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 1085-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Po-He Tseng ◽

Núria Armengol Urpi ◽

Mikhail Lebedev ◽

Miguel Nicolelis

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Unscented Kalman Filter ◽

Bipedal Walking ◽

Motor Tasks ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Cortical Areas ◽

Long Short Term Memory ◽

Ensemble Activity

Although many real-time neural decoding algorithms have been proposed for brain-machine interface (BMI) applications over the years, an optimal, consensual approach remains elusive. Recent advances in deep learning algorithms provide new opportunities for improving the design of BMI decoders, including the use of recurrent artificial neural networks to decode neuronal ensemble activity in real time. Here, we developed a long-short term memory (LSTM) decoder for extracting movement kinematics from the activity of large ( N = 134–402) populations of neurons, sampled simultaneously from multiple cortical areas, in rhesus monkeys performing motor tasks. Recorded regions included primary motor, dorsal premotor, supplementary motor, and primary somatosensory cortical areas. The LSTM's capacity to retain information for extended periods of time enabled accurate decoding for tasks that required both movements and periods of immobility. Our LSTM algorithm significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art unscented Kalman filter when applied to three tasks: center-out arm reaching, bimanual reaching, and bipedal walking on a treadmill. Notably, LSTM units exhibited a variety of well-known physiological features of cortical neuronal activity, such as directional tuning and neuronal dynamics across task epochs. LSTM modeled several key physiological attributes of cortical circuits involved in motor tasks. These findings suggest that LSTM-based approaches could yield a better algorithm strategy for neuroprostheses that employ BMIs to restore movement in severely disabled patients.

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Predictors of developmental outcomes in children with complete transposition

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951100006867 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 352-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alex Gomelsky ◽

E. Wayne Holden ◽

Kathy A. Ellerbeck ◽

Joel I. Brenner

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Educational Achievement ◽

Developmental Outcomes ◽

Surgical Correction ◽

Short Term ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽

Term Memory ◽

Visual Motor Integration ◽

Complete Transposition ◽

Visual Motor

AbstractCognitive, functional, educational achievement and behavioural measures were employed to assess neurobehavioral status in 57 of 60 participants who were initially enrolled in the Baltimore–Washington Infant Study, and who survived surgical correction of complete transposition (concordant atrioventricular and discordant ventriculo-arterial connections). Charts were reviewed to investigate the relationship between birth variables, surgical strategy and developmental outcomes. Higher preoperative weight was associated with better outcomes on the Stanford–Biner Short-term Memory subtest, while lower preoperative oxygen tension was associated with better outcomes on the Abstract/Visual Reasoning subtest and a test of Visual–Motor Integration. Longer total bypass time was associated with poor outcomes on the Short-term Memory subtests. Higher average flow rates during cooling and rewarming were associated with higher scores in the test of short term memory but poorer outcomes on a test for visual motor integration. Longer cooling times were associated with higher scores on the test for Visual–Motor Integration. Patients suffering seizures scored lower on the Stanford–Biner Composite, as well as in their tests of achievement. The data indicate that non-verbal. skills may be particularly sensitive to variations in surgical strategies employed to correct complete transposition. Overt neurological events, such as seizures, were related to global deficits in intellectual functioning. Prospective studies evaluating systemic variations in surgical procedures and attempts to prevent and manage perioperative neurological events are important for further investigation of neurodevelopmental outcomes in children surviving surgical correction.

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Categorical Encoding in Short-Term Memory by Deaf and Hearing Children

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.1703.426 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 426-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Harry W. Hoemann ◽

Carol E. Andrews ◽

Donald V. DeRosa

Keyword(s):

Proactive Interference ◽

Special Interest ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Memory Task ◽

Deaf Children ◽

Short Term ◽

Process Information ◽

Term Memory ◽

Hearing Children

Thirty-seven deaf and 38 hearing children, ages eight to 12, were tested in a short-term memory task. Special interest focused on the build-up and release of proactive interference (PI). Both groups showed PI when the items were drawn from the same conceptual class of animals. In addition, experimental groups of deaf and hearing subjects showed a release from PI when shifted to a set of items drawn from a different category on the last trial. It was concluded that deaf children encode categorically in short-term memory (suggesting a normally functioning ability to think abstractly and to process information without acoustic mediators).

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The Effect of Games with Rules on Voluntary Regulation of 6—7-year-old Children

Cultural-Historical Psychology ◽

10.17759/chp.2017130406 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 56-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E.A. Savina ◽

I.A. Savenkova ◽

I.V. Shchekotikhina ◽

A.M. Gul'yants

Keyword(s):

Size Effects ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Control Group ◽

Verbal Instruction ◽

Interference Control ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Voluntary Regulation ◽

Visual Motor ◽

Experimental Group

This article discusses the results of experimental study aimed at investigating the effect of games with rules on voluntary regulation of preschool children. The following components of voluntary regulation were studied: short-term and working memory, verbal interference control, the ability to follow verbal instruction, and knowledge of rules of conduct. One hundred and twenty 6—7-year-old children participated in this study. After the intervention, children in experimental group improved their knowledge of rules of conduct, short-term memory for numbers, verbal interference, and the ability to follow verbal instruction when executing a visual-motor integration task. Children in the control group also improved their verbal interference ability and short-term memory for numbers and words. However, size effects were smaller than in the experimental group.

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Developmental Strategies in Motor and Visual Motor Short-Term Memory

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1980.51.1.146 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 146-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David A. Sugden

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Visual Motor

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Age Differences in Visual and Kinesthetic Short-Term Memory

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1978.46.2.667 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 667-674 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tim Jordan

Keyword(s):

Age Differences ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Memory Task ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Motor Tasks ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Variable Retention ◽

Young Subjects ◽

Practical Implications

30 elderly subjects were matched with 30 young subjects and tested on a kinesthetic short-term memory task which required the replication of criterion moves after a variable retention interval under conditions of either rest, differing interpolated movement tasks, or mental activity. A visual control condition was used. Differing interference and temporal decrements were observed. Both old and young subjects differed significantly between sighted and blindfold conditions; however, there was no difference between the performance of the old and the young in the blindfold (kinesthetic) condition. These findings were discussed with respect to practical implications for the retraining of old subjects on certain motor tasks.

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