Book Note and Review: Personnel: Intelligence in the United States: A Survey with Conclusions for Manpower Utilization in Education and Employment

ILR Review ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
Harrison M. Trice
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Book Note ◽  
Education And Employment

A Critical Review of Barriers to United States Military Spouse Education and Employment

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-147
Author(s):  
Crystal Lewis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Military Spouses ◽  
United States Military ◽  
Military Spouse ◽  
Family Obligations ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
The Military ◽  
Educational Pursuits

In the United States, there are over one million military spouses. Frequent geographical relocations, the psychological stress and anxiety associated with spousal deployments, and supporting their children as the only parent while their active duty spouse is away leave military spouses disproportionately accountable for all family obligations. Ultimately, these inequities create barriers for military spouses and their employment and educational pursuits. Despite similarities in lifestyle to active duty service members, military spouses are not categorized as an at-risk population and have not been studied in depth. This chapter utilized the source, survey, synthesize method to address the literature gap surrounding the barriers to military spouse education and employment. Findings from the existing literature were synthesized to present the key themes for studies that investigated the military culture, barriers to military spouses' pursuits of higher education, employment, and career advancement and earnings.

The Kerner Commission Report: Did It Incentivize or Cause an Increase in the Production and Hiring of Black PhD Economists in Academia?

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-361
Author(s):  
Gregory N. Price
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Commission Report ◽  
Economics Department ◽  
Kerner Commission ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Black Economists

Approximately 50 years ago, the Kerner Commission Report cited pervasive racial discrimination in training, education, and employment as a contributor to Black–White inequality and stratification in the United States. This article considers if the Kerner Commission Report incentivized and possibly caused an increase in the production and hiring of Black PhD economists in academia. With longitudinal data on counts of economic doctorates earned by Black Americans employed in economics departments between 1957 and 2018, we estimate the parameters of count data specifications that accounts for the 1968 Kerner Commission Report dichotomously. Parameter estimates from mixed and fixed effect Poisson, negative binomial, and Poisson quantile specifications suggest that while the Kerner Commission Report generally had a positive effect on the number of Black American economics doctorates employed as faculty, it had no effect on the hiring of Black economists at the typical research institution and PhD-granting economics department. Our results suggest that similar to the Kerner Commission Report characterization of the United States being two separate racially stratified societies, approximately 50 years later research institutions and PhD-granting economics departments in the United States are similarly racially stratified.

A Critical Review of Barriers to United States Military Spouse Education and Employment

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-215
Author(s):  
Crystal Lewis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Military Spouses ◽  
United States Military ◽  
Military Spouse ◽  
Family Obligations ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
The Military ◽  
Educational Pursuits

In the United States, there are over one million military spouses. Frequent geographical relocations, the psychological stress and anxiety associated with spousal deployments, and supporting their children as the only parent while their active duty spouse is away leave military spouses disproportionately accountable for all family obligations. Ultimately, these inequities create barriers for military spouses and their employment and educational pursuits. Despite similarities in lifestyle to active duty service members, military spouses are not categorized as an at-risk population and have not been studied in depth. This chapter utilized the source, survey, synthesize method to address the literature gap surrounding the barriers to military spouse education and employment. Findings from the existing literature were synthesized to present the key themes for studies that investigated the military culture, barriers to military spouses' pursuits of higher education, employment, and career advancement and earnings.

Euro-Americans Favoring People of Color: Covert Racism and Economies of White Colorism

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (14) ◽  
pp. 2087-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal K. Dhillon-Jamerson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
European American ◽  
Covert Racism ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination

African American colorism in the United States is often viewed as an intraracial problem in which prejudice and discrimination are relegated to the scope of internal issues. What is often lacking in the discourse on colorism is the interracial component of intraracial hierarchies—referred to as White colorism. Colorism is not a phenomenon that originated within the Black community. Rather, it is a result of European American practices that further divided Blacks according to skin color. The historical underpinnings of colorism include colonialism and slavery, yet these ideologies continue to inform racism today. This article explores how colorism was established and is now sustained by Whites in various capacities, including social and economic spheres. Additionally, racialized dichotomies, borders of Whiteness, and Black consciousness are considered to demonstrate the intersection of historical racism and current racial rhetoric. Last, the effects of White colorism on Black achievement status, including education and employment, is elucidated through an analysis of data and literature.

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