Measuring the Meaning of Black Media Stereotypes and Their Relationship to the Racial Identity, Black History Knowledge, and Racial Socialization of African American Youth

Racism and its ramifications are salient societal-level factors that detrimentally affect African American youth and families. Few studies have investigated how African American youth experience discrimination within families and society and colorism’s impact on racial identity, despite extensive racial discrimination research. We assessed whether the perceptions of African American youth of their skin tone affected their racial identity, familial functioning, and everyday discrimination, using the National Survey of American Life–Adolescent Supplement data. We found no significant relationships among skin tone perception, racial identity, familial functioning, or everyday experiences of discrimination. Conversely, age and gender differences were significant predictors of racial identity, family functioning, and discrimination reports. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for social work practice.

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Culture, Racial Socialization, and Positive African American Youth Development

Journal of Black Psychology ◽

10.1177/0095798415578004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 343-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Cheryl Grills ◽

Deanna Cooke ◽

Jason Douglas ◽

Andrew Subica ◽

Sandra Villanueva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Youth Development ◽

Racial Socialization ◽

African American Youth

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Healing Interpersonal and Racial Trauma: Integrating Racial Socialization Into Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for African American Youth

Child Maltreatment ◽

10.1177/1077559520921457 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 107755952092145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Isha W. Metzger ◽

Riana Elyse Anderson ◽

Funlola Are ◽

Tiarney Ritchwood

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Racial Socialization ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

African American Youth ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Trauma Treatment ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Socialization Theory ◽

Racial Trauma

African American youth are more likely than their peers from other racial and ethnic groups to experience interpersonal traumas and traumatic racist and discriminatory encounters. Unfortunately, evidence-based trauma treatments have been less effective among these youth likely due to these treatments not being culturally tailored to address both interpersonal and racial trauma. In this article, we utilize the racial encounter coping appraisal and socialization theory to propose suggestions for adapting trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy—an evidence-based trauma treatment for children and adolescents—to include racial socialization or the process of transmitting culture, attitudes, and values to help youth overcome stressors associated with ethnic minority status. We conclude by discussing implications for the research and clinical community to best promote healing from both interpersonal and racial trauma for African American youth.

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