Are We Reaching and Enrolling at-Risk Drug Users for Prevention Studies?

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee M. Cunningham ◽  
Linda B. Cottler ◽  
Wilson M. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Street Outreach ◽  
Prevention Studies ◽  
Hiv Risk Reduction Interventions

The St. Louis EachOneTeachOne (EOTO) project is a National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)-funded cooperative agreement aimed at examining rates of HIV risk behaviors and studying HIV risk reduction interventions among out-of-treatment injection and crack cocaine drug users. This paper uses data collected during the first year of recruitment and enrollment to document the effect of street outreach on HIV risk behavior involvement. The major findings are that: (1) men reported more HIV risk behaviors than did women, but the results failed to show striking racial or ethnic differences; (2) we successfully enrolled women in spite of the fact that our women street contacts were largely ineligible to enroll in EOTO; and (3) actual EOTO enrollees, compared with all street contacts and eligible street contacts, engaged in fewer HIV risk behaviors. These results imply that strategies in addition to street outreach may be needed to enlist more individuals, particularly whites and women who are engaging in the highest risk drug and sexual behaviors.

Reducing HIV Risk Behaviors: Perceptions of HIV Risk and Stage of Change

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally J. Stevens ◽  
Antonio L. Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Stage Of Change ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug

The HIV epidemic has had a dramatic impact on the lives of individuals, families, and communities around the world. Originally identified in homosexual men, HIV increasingly affects others, including: (1) those who inject drugs, (2) non-injection drug users who engage in unsafe sex, and (3) non-drug using heterosexuals who engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. The need for effective HIV prevention interventions is critical. All too often interventions have lacked sound theoretical frameworks. However, some attempts have been made to ground HIV risk behavior interventions in behavior theories such as: (1) the health belief model, (2) cognitive social learning theory, (3) the theory of reasoned action, and (4) the transtheoretical model of behavior change (TMBC). This paper describes an HIV prevention intervention that was developed from the TMBC model. The TMBC model hypothesizes stages of change. In this study, injection drug users (IDUs), crack cocaine users (CCUs), and female sexual partners of IDUs and CCUs identified their stage of change and were given an intervention based upon their identified stage. Baseline and post intervention follow-up data were obtained on participants' perceived stage and reported HIV sexual risk behavior. The data indicated that there was little congruence between perceived stage and reported risk. In spite of this incongruence, significant decreases in HIV risk behaviors were evidenced.

Predictors of HIV Risk Behavior in Iranian Women Who Inject Drugs

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Habibi ◽  
Solmaz Farmanfarmaee ◽  
Mohammad Darharaj ◽  
Kaveh Khoshnood ◽  
Joshua J. Matacotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Women Who Inject Drugs

This study aimed to investigate predictors of drug-related HIV risk behaviors among women who inject drugs. A total of 163 women were recruited from harm-reduction-oriented drug-treatment centers in Tehran, Iran. Each completed a set of measures that included the Risk Behavior Assessment, Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition, Revised Self-Efficacy Scale, and Peer Group Beliefs Regarding HIV-related Risk Behaviors Scale. The results indicated that past attempts to abstain from drugs, using methadone maintenance treatment programs, and acceptance of peers’ risky norms were significant predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing predictors of frequency of injection, respectively. Furthermore, predictors of frequency of sharing injection paraphernalia included purchasing drugs jointly with other drug users and peers’ norms conforming injecting drug use behaviors. Harm reduction services that take into consideration cultural and peer norms, as well as the development and implementation of HIV prevention programs, are likely to reduce drug-related HIV risk behaviors in women who inject drugs.

Differences in HIV Risk Behaviors by Gender in a Sample of Tanzanian Injection Drug Users

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Williams ◽  
Sheryl A. McCurdy ◽  
John S. Atkinson ◽  
Gad P. Kilonzo ◽  
M. T. Leshabari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug

HIV risk behaviors and alcohol intoxication among injection drug users in Puerto Rico

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás D. Matos ◽  
Rafaela R. Robles ◽  
Hardeo Sahai ◽  
Hector M. Colón ◽  
Juan C. Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug

Collateral damage in the war on drugs: HIV risk behaviors among injection drug users

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
RickyN. Bluthenthal ◽  
Jennifer Lorvick ◽  
AlexH. Kral ◽  
ElizabethA. Erringer ◽  
JamesG. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Collateral Damage

Measurement of HIV risk behaviors among intravenous drug users

Addiction ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACK F. SAMUELS ◽  
DAVID VLAHOV ◽  
JAMES C. ANTHONY ◽  
RICHARD E. CHAISSON
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users

Reliability of self-reported HIV risk behaviors of drug users.

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Needle ◽  
Dennis G. Fisher ◽  
Norman Weatherby ◽  
Dale Chitwood ◽  
Barry Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors

Psychopathology and HIV risk behaviors among injection drug users in and out of treatment

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Dinwiddie ◽  
Linda Cottler ◽  
Wilson Compton ◽  
Arbi Ben Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug

Changes in HIV Risk Behaviors among Counseled Injecting Drug Users

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace Mandell ◽  
David Vlahov ◽  
Carl A. Latkin ◽  
Deborah Carran ◽  
Maria J. Oziemkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Intensive Intervention

A community sample of ninety-one HIV seronegative IDUs were randomly assigned to either a one-hour, one-on-one, intensive educational intervention or a fifteen-minute “standard” educational session. Risk behaviors for the prior six months were assessed by interview before the intervention and six months later. Self-reported injecting drug use decreased from 100% to 70% at the six-month follow-up and the proportion injecting daily dropped from 42% to 18%. The proportion who used someone else's injection equipment dropped from 65% to 34%. Nearly all IDUs who continued to inject reported using bleach to clean their equipment. There was no significant additional benefit from the intensive intervention. Variables hypothesized to mediate reduction in HIV risk behavior (personal distress, perceived personal risk, and intention to reduce risky behavior) were not associated with reduction of activities with high-risk for HIV infection. These data suggest that individualized, short-term educational interventions probably have limited impact on lowering frequency of risky behaviors.

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