Individual-Inclusive Ecosystem Model of Rehabilitation for Inclusion of Children with Disabilities in Childcare Institutions

In childcare institutions (CCIs) in India, children with mild or moderate levels of disability are often placed with non-disabled children for care and protection. Generally, children with intellectual disability (ID), learning disability, hearing and speech impairment and multiple disabilities with ID are found to be living in these CCIs. In this best practice article, the challenges faced by these children with disabilities and the potential for inclusion within the CCI are discussed based on the field action project intervention of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai, with selected government CCIs. The article suggests a multi-pronged intervention approach for the Children with disability (CWD) at the levels of the individual CWD, peer group, CCI and the juvenile justice (JJ) System, which are together recognised as the stakeholders of an ‘inclusive ecosystem’. The article arrives at the ‘Inclusive Ecosystem Model of Rehabilitation’ by drawing from the individual–environment interaction model of disability.

Parents’ economic migration and the psychological well-being of their Polish children

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze mental well-being, especially anxiety and a sense of loneliness of Polish children temporarily separated from their parent or parents who are migrating for economic reasons, and children who went abroad with their parents. Methods: Explicit Anxiety Scale was used to measure anxiety “Jaki Jesteś?” (“What are you like?” by Skrzypek and Choynowski) (textbook by Zwierzyńska, Matuszewski, 2007) and the Polish versions of the UCLA Loneliness Scale were used to measure loneliness (by Russell, Peplau, & Cutrona, adapted by Rembowski, 1992). Test results were supplemented with an interview with children. 320 children from different types of migrant families participated in the study. Results: the highest level of anxiety is felt by children temporarily separated from their mother, and children who, together with their parents, went abroad and find it difficult to adapt to the new environment. The duration of emigration was an important factor. Most children in the sample ‒ regardless of the type of migratory family ‒ feel lonely, do not feel strong ties with close relatives, do not feel understood by them, do not feel associated with a peer group. Conclusion: The results of the research indicate the necessity to take actions in the area of institutional and legal as well as psychological support for families and children both in the situation of going abroad and returning from migration. The most important directions of activities concerning the creation of environmental forms of separation compensation and the environmental assistance system for the migration family are indicated at the stage of prevention related to people planning trips.

Kenakalan remaja klithih yang mengarah pada konflik sosial dan kekerasan di Yogyakarta

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai peristiwa klithih yang akhir-akhir ini terjadi di Kota Yogyakarta dan sekitarnya. Klithih merupakan jenis kenakalan remaja yang mengarah pada konflik sosial dan kekerasan di masyarakat. Klithih pada awalnya adalah sebuah ajang yang digunakan oleh para remaja untuk menunjukkan eksistensinya di dalam pergaulan antar remaja di Yogyakarta. Pada akhirnya klithih akhirnya berubah menjadi ajang untuk menciptakan sebuah konflik sosial dan kekerasan dengan menyasar siapa saja yang berada di jalan raya. Penyebab umum terjadinya klithih selain untuk menunjukkan eksistensi kelompok remajanya/ peer group juga karena lemahnya pengawasan dan control sosial oleh keluarga dan sekolah karena sebagian besar pelakunya adalah remaja anak sekolah. Dalam perspektif sosiologi, tidak ada jawaban tunggal dalam menjelaskan realitas sosial termasuk fenomena klithih ini karena sosiologi merupakan ilmu sosial berparadigma ganda. Demikian juga dalam menjelaskan realitas klithih di Yogyakarta. Tinjauan klithih di jalanan Kota Yogyakarta ini vital dilakukan agar supaya penjelasan tidak parsial sehingga dapat mengungkapkan pemahaman yang universal dan menyeluruh. Pilihan teoretik tersebut memiliki implikasi metodologis yang selanjutnya diharapkan berakhir pada ditemukannya langkah penyelesaian yang tepat oleh seluruh pihak yang terkait. Langkah solutif untuk pencegahan dan mengatasi terjadinya klithih perlu dilakukan untuk mengembangkan relasi sosial menjadi lebih harmonis dan humanis sekaligus mengurangi terjadinya penyakit sosial yang berupa klithih. This paper aims to get information about klithih events that recently occurred in the city of Yogyakarta and surrounding areas. Klithih is a type of juvenile delinquency that leads to social conflict and violence in society. Klithih was originally an event used by teenagers to show their existence in the association between teenagers in Yogyakarta. Eventually klithih finally turned into a place to create a social conflict and violence by targeting anyone who was on the highway. The most common cause of klithih in addition to showing the existence of adolescents/peer groups is also due to the weak supervision and social control by families and schools because most of the perpetrators are teenage school children. In the perspective of sociology, there is no single answer in explaining social reality including this klithih phenomenon because sociology is a social paradigm with multiple paradigms. Likewise in explaining the reality of klithih in Yogyakarta. This klithih review on the streets of Yogyakarta is vital so that the explanation is not partial so that it can reveal a universal and comprehensive understanding. The theoretical choice has methodological implications which are then expected to end in the discovery of an appropriate settlement step by all parties concerned. Solutive steps to prevent and overcome the occurrence of klithih needs to be done to develop social relations to be more harmonious and humanist while reducing the occurrence of social diseases in the form of klithih.

Karakteristik Komunikator Remaja SMA yang Berhubungan dengan Komunikasi Kesehatan Reproduksi di Kota Palembang

Latar Belakang. Usia remaja merupakan usia yang paling rawan mengalami masalah kesehatan reproduksi yang tidak aman dan beresiko seperti aborsi dan infeksi menular seksual. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk menanggulangi hal tersebut yaitu melalui pendekatan peer group yang dikembangkan dalam Pusat Informasi dan Konseling Remaja (PIK R) sebagai jembatan proses komunikasi. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik komunikator remaja SMA dengan komunikasi kesehatan reproduksi di Kota Palembang tahun 2018.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 112 remaja SMA yang institusi pendidikannya sudah terpapar Program PIK R di Kota Palembang. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan cluster random sampling.Hasil. Terdapat 30,4% komunikasi kesehatan reproduksi yang kurang aktif pada remaja SMA di Kota Palembang. Karakteristik komunikator yang memengaruhi komunikasi kesehatan reproduksi pada remaja SMA di Kota Palembang adalah pengetahuan, hubungan pertemanan, keterampilan menyampaikan informasi, dan peran orangtua.Kesimpulan. Perlunya upaya peningkatan kualitas anggota dengan mengadakan pelatihan bagi pendidik sebaya dan konselor sebaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan remaja dalam memberikan KIE mengenai kesehatan reproduksi. ABSTRACTBackground. Adolescents are the most vulnerable age to experience unsafe and risky reproductive health problems such as abortion and sexually transmitted infections. One of the efforts made by the government to overcome this is through a peer group approach developed in the Youth Information and Counseling Center (PIK R) as a bridge to the communication process. Objective. This study aims to determine the relationship between the characteristics of high school youth communicators with reproductive health communication in Palembang City in 2018.Method. This study used a cross-sectional design. The sample of this study is 112 high school adolescents whose educational institutions had been exposed to the PIK R in Palembang CIty. The sampling of this study used random cluster sampling. Results. There were 30.4% of reproductive health communication less active in high school adolescents in Palembang City. The characteristics of communicators that influenced reproductive health communication in high school adolescents in Palembang City were knowledge, friendship relationships, information conveying skills, and the role of parents.Conclusion: The need for efforts to improve the quality of members by conducting training for peer educators and peer counselors to strengthen adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills in providing IEC regarding reproductive health.

A Peer Related Factors Affecting the Provision of Psychosocial Support to Vulnerable Learners: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Amathole District in South Africa

School-based peer groups have been identified as a popular and effective method of providing health education and psychosocial support in schools. Children in developing countries as well as some of the poorest children in developing countries like South Africa face daily risks related to poverty, street crime and violence, poor health, lack or low-quality housing, inadequate and ineffective schools. These children and their families live in crisis which render them vulnerable. Thus, this study noted that there is an increase in social and emotional challenges and several risk factors for vulnerable learners globally and South Africa is not an exception. The incidence of child vulnerability and psychosocial support services have not been studied thoroughly in South Africa yet it is recognized widely that there is an increase in child stress and depression. Much of the psychosocial support services are provided by children themselves in terms of peer education groups. However, much of the research that is currently available on children relies on the reports of teachers and parents. This study learnt from literature that adults consistently underreport the effectiveness of these peer led groups in schools. Following this, the study took a qualitative approach using multiple case studies of 4 secondary schools with children as part of the participants. Pre-coded research instruments were administered to 4 teacher coordinators, 4 peer leaders, 1 district official and 1 learner support agent supervisor. Documents were also analyzed in the form of minutes of the meetings held, learner support agents report and registers. The study found that shortage of resources such as, counselling rooms, transport, attitudes of teachers and parents towards peer led programs, lack of training and cooperation of parents still hampered the progress of peer led programs. The study therefore concluded that there were still a lot of challenges faced by vulnerable children in schools because they were not accessed by their peers due to lack of resources, training, shortage of time and negative attitudes from adults towards children’s lives attitudes from adults towards children’s lives. The study recommends that peer led groups be part of the large school curriculum with a specific budget to sustain the needs of the peer led groups. The study indicated that there were no networking opportunities amongst peer-led groups due to lack of time, yet this is very important to all successful organizations of a peer group nature. The participants also revealed that peers are better placed if they had counselling rooms, time tabled services, positive attitudes from parents and long-term training on peer counselling.

Youth media repertoires: Age ranges, context factors and privacy management

The overall aim of the study is to trace the interaction between the composition of the media repertoire and the everyday world of adolescents, also looking at privacy management in the course of acquiring digital communication media as part of the media repertoire. In order to do justice to this complexity, young people were not considered as a uniform demographic group, but were divided into three stages. Through this differentiation, a recursive process is to be worked out that makes it possible to also include contextual influencing factors such as peer group, family environment etc. and to expand previous findings on the media repertoire of young people. As a result of this approach, a multi-stage development process was elaborated as well as the privacy management of digital communication media of young people.

An Age Simulation Program Promoting Positive Attitudes Toward Older People in Hong Kong: Further Evidence of Integration of Natural Social Network Effects

Purpose This study examines an age simulation program in Hong Kong concerning the possible integrative impacts of an experiential education approach and contact experience within a natural social network among younger individuals. Method: A sample of 1121 younger individuals participated in this study. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the impact of the age simulation program. Results: The results of structural equation modeling indicated the effective impact of the age-simulation program on promoting positive attitudes toward older adults among the younger participants ( β = 0.28, p < .001). The significant results of contact experience highlighted the way in which familial contact experience could bring about more positive attitudes toward the older adults ( β = 0.08, p < .01) than peer group contact can ( β = −0.08, p < .05). Discussion: The protocol of the presented program could provide an actionable framework for social workers and allied professionals to launch related service plans in the communities.

Investigation of the Effect of Inclusive Play and Special Movement Education to Social Communication in Disadvantaged and Peer Children in Preschool (Erzurum Sample)

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of inclusive play and special movement education applied to disadvantaged and peer preschool children in Erzurum city center on their basic skills.22 students (10 disadvantaged children + 12 peer group children) consisting of disadvantaged children and peer children who were educated in special education and rehabilitation centers in the city center of Erzurum and participated voluntarily. Before the study, two seminars were given to the parents of the students, which determined the purpose and objective of the research. Students participated in a specially prepared game and movement training program for 45-60 minutes, 2 days a week during the summer period. Before starting the research, an interview and observation form consisting of 10 questions was prepared for the parents of the children and the results were recorded. At the end of the 2-month (8-week) period, interviews and observations were made with the parents of the children, and the last situation was recorded and compared with the previous situation.In the first parent interviews, the results of the research; it was observed that the children hesitated to participate in the study, they do not want to get close to other children, refrain from sharing game materials and avoid playing together and do not help. While they stated that they did not comply with the game discipline, they stated that at the end of the study program, their initial negative behavior developed completely in a positive way. In expert observations; it was observed that at the beginning, the children did not want to participate in the studies, did not listen to the volunteers, acted randomly, fought over the play materials used, and avoided playing together. While they observed that they behaved randomly, it was stated that the observations developed completely positively at the end of the research process.As a result, it was concluded that inclusive play and special movement training applied to disadvantaged preschool children and peers contributed positively to the social development of children.

Climate change action and COP

As Climate Change has become the focal point of discussion across all sectors, entities and cities, mainstreaming it with country’s agenda be it in the parliament or via varied reporting conundrum is on all time high this decade. As leadership forays, be it as a key chair, leader, negotiator, observer, moderator, panelist, scientist, peer group or as an institutional representee – how country’s spearheads or leads the negotiations and table in the discussion for better facilitation and pathway depends on its strong legislative backing. There are varied framework, methodologies and articles available as per IPCC, UNFCCC and other global compacts (GHG inventory) on the basis of which quantification and emission reductions and its trajectories are framed; however, every country’s sectoral emission differs and so does the standardization.

THE EFFECT OF GROUP EDUCATION USING ONLINE MEDIA ON SELF CARE ON OBESITY STUDENTS AT THE FACULTY OF NURSING MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY JAKARTA 2021

Introduction: Obesity in young adults can cause various health problems, including in the long term it will cause complications of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and death at a young age. Self care in obesity is a management consisting of diet processing, physical activity, modification of life attitude (behavior therapy) and medical therapy. Peer group education is a method that helps increase understanding and self-care for obese students. The purpose of this study was to determine the peer group education method to increase self-care of obese students. Method: The research design used was a quasi-experimental pre and post test, with a dependent t-test. Collecting data using the Diabetes Self Management Questionnaire (DMSQ). Sample of 30 respondents. Results: The results of this study obtained that there was an effect of peer group education on increasing the self-care value of obese students (p-value = 0.00). Conclusion: Suggestions from this study are self-care is one of the efforts that can be used to overcome the problem of obesity at a young age. Educational institutions can implement self-care through healthy exercise programs every morning or health education programs in health services.