The Economic Situation: Chapter I. The Home Economy

1967 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gross National Product ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
National Product ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Capital Account

This analysis and forecast for the economy is mainly concerned with the effects of devaluation and the associated measures taken. It begins, therefore, with a separate analysis of these effects. These are then superimposed on the pre-devaluation forecast for 1968. Briefly, this pre-devaluation forecast showed a rise in real gross national product of 3½ per cent between the years 1967 and 1968, and a rather higher rise than this—of nearly 4 per cent—between the fourth quarters of 1967 and 1968. It also showed a ‘basic’ deficit, on current and long-term capital account (including a ‘normal’ balancing item) of £275 million in 1967 and £250 million in 1968.

Reshaping the Health-Care State

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Moran
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Gross National Product ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
The State ◽  
National Product ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
The Cost

Health Care Has Been Called ‘The World's Most successful industry’. That success is long-standing. In every nation for which we have reliable long-term evidence the proportion of Gross National Product devoted to health care is much higher than was the cast a generation ago. The state has been central to that expansion. In all advanced industrial nations it regulates health care industries; in many it pays most of the cost of care; and in some it directly employs those who do the caring. In the 1980s, however, most countries tried to slow down the growth of health care spending, or even to cut it absolutely. The ‘health care state’ is as a consequence being reshaped across the advanced capitalist world: its power structures are changing; the conditions under which it funds and delivers services are being altered; and its relations with the ‘consumers’ of care are being transformed.

Age-Related Changes in the Likelihood of Major Contributions

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Mumford ◽  
Kimberly A. Olsen ◽  
Lawrence R. James
Keyword(s):  
Gross National Product ◽  
National Product ◽  
Technical Innovation ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The Creation

This article is concerned with the influence of age and research support on the frequency of technical innovation and economic growth. Based on the observations of Mumford and Gustafson, the authors argue that major contributions are derived from the creation of new understandings brought about by the integration and reorganization of existing understandings [1]. It is also argued that the creation of new understandings is most likely to occur in the earlier phases of people's careers when capable individuals are placed in an environment that will support innovative efforts. To examine these hypotheses and their broader economic implications, data were obtained from government sources describing the percentage of the population between the ages of twenty-five and forty-four, and between the ages of forty-five and sixty-four, as well as the percentage of the gross national product devoted to research and development efforts, the percentage of individual patents awarded, and deviations from long-term trends in the gross national product. These data were then analyzed in a time series analysis covering the period from 1929 to 1984. The results indicated that research support and age influenced the number of patents awarded which, in turn, influenced deviations in the gross national product. On the basis of these observations and the underlying theory, the authors conclude that substantially greater attention should be given to the development and maintenance of creative potential.

Exploring the Uses of Data on Height: The Analysis of Long-Term Trends in Nutrition, Labor Welfare, and Labor Productivity

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Fogel ◽  
Stanley L. Engerman ◽  
James Trussell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Gross National Product ◽  
National Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Product ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Impact

Historians and historical economists have made much progress during the past half century in reconstructing long-term patterns of economic growth. The development of national income accounting techniques provided measures of gross national product and gross national product per capita in both constant and current dollars for the United States and various other countries that extend back to the first half of the nineteenth century. By providing information on the overall performance of the economy and on the performance of its principal industrial sectors and geographic regions, these measures have succinctly characterized the pattern of economic change in the United States, England, France, and several other European nations for periods of up to a century and a half. They have provided a scale against which such developments as urbanization, technological change, and the impact of various governmental policies can be judged. The new information has often led to important reinterpretations of major historical eras. The discovery that the rate of growth of manufacturing declined during the Civil War decade, for example, led to a searching reexamination of the thesis that the Civil War gave an unprecedented impetus to the industrialization of the United States. The disaggregation of the national accounts to the state level produced the unanticipated finding that during the twenty years leading up to the Civil War the South grew at least as rapidly as the North.

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