Leisure Interests of German Workers: Gender Differences and Similarities

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-430
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Kirkcaldy ◽  
James A. Athanasou
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Traditional Sports ◽  
Leisure Interests ◽  
Gender Differences And Similarities

Amongst the more popular leisure choices of 60 adult German workers were swimming, bicycling, and cinema, activities of a social nature. Both sexes were least interested in high-contact, combative sports such as boxing and wrestling. Men tended to express more interest in the traditional sports (tennis, handball, table-tennis, and football), weapons (shooting and archery), and athletics (sprinting, jogging, and endurance running).

scholarly journals Statistical Parametric Mapping Reveals Subtle Gender Differences in Angular Movements in Table Tennis Topspin Backhand

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 6996
Author(s):  
Ziemowit Bańkosz ◽  
Sławomir Winiarski
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Parametric Mapping ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Dorsal Flexion

Background: Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is an innovative method based on the analysis of time series (data series) and is equivalent to statistical methods for numerical (discrete) data series. This study aimed to analyze the patterns of movement in the topspin backhand stroke in table tennis and to use SPM to compare these patterns between advanced female and male players. Methods: The research involved seven advanced male and six advanced female players. The kinematic parameters were measured using an inertial motion analysis system. The SPM was computed using the SPM1D Python package. Results: Our study made it possible to reproduce the pattern of movement in the joints during topspin backhand strokes in the studied athletes. During multiple comparisons, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) SPM test revealed many areas in the studied parameter series with statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The study presents the movement patterns in the topspin backhand shot and describes the proximal-to-distal sequencing principle during this shot. The SPM study revealed differences between men and women in the contribution of thoracic rotation, external shoulder rotation, dorsal flexion, and supination in the wrist during the hitting phase. These differences may result from the anatomical gender differences or variations in other functionalities of individual body segments between the study groups. Another possible source for these discrepancies may reside in tactical requirements, especially the need for a more vigorous attack in men. The gender differences presented in this study can help in the individualization of the training process in table tennis.

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