Rural Transformation in India: Deagrarianization and the Transition from a Farming to Non-farming Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-205
Author(s):  
Koustab Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Rural Transformation ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Rural Change ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Indian Experience ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Change Transformation

Rural transformation in general has been conceptualized as modernization, rural development, changes in economic structure, and the migration of the population from the farming sector to the non-farming sectors of the economy. Different theoretical approaches (unidimensional and multidimensional) have been applied to the study of rural transformation, and these approaches have involved different indicators to examine the nature and magnitude of rural change/transformation. The rural development approach to the study of rural transformation has been criticized on the grounds that rural transformation does not always involve development. This article examines the Indian experience and contends that India’s rural transformation has involved migration from the farming sector into the non-farming sectors and the de-agrarianization of the Indian economy.

scholarly journals THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN INDIAN ECONOMY- A NEW CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Prabakaran ◽  
C. K. Muthukumaran ◽  
M. Manida
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Indian Economy

scholarly journals THE COMPLEX DYNAMICS OF LAND IN MIGRANT LABOUR SOCIETIES: WHO NEEDS LAND FOR AGRICULTURE?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Vusilizwe Thebe
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Migrant Labour

The agricultural modernisation narrative has been a central assumption of rural development since the mid-twentieth century, and more recently, the land reforms currently underway in Southern Africa. The narrative emphasises the viable use of land, defined in this case through agricultural productivity and market oriented production. The main contention of this paper is that such a focus undermines the rural socio-economic structure inherent in certain rural societies, which emerge through negotiations and compromises as societies change. It draws on data from studies in Lesotho and rural Zimbabwe that shows that rural households do not only hold land for agricultural purposes, but would hold onto land for security beyond mere agriculture production. It particularly emphasises the complex relationship between households and land, complex land needs and landholding patterns. As way of conclusion, it cautions against enforcing a peasant path on rural society through agriculture-based interventions.

Rural Development in South Korea, 1950s–1970s

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-116
Author(s):  
Kristen E. Looney
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Urban Bias ◽  
Rural Change ◽  
Agricultural Cooperative ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Extension Agencies ◽  
Rural Institutions ◽  
Household Incomes

This chapter explains South Korea's mixed record of rural development. It begins with an overview of rural change in the postwar period and shows that agriculture did not contribute much to the overall economy or to rural household incomes because of an adverse policy environment. The situation improved in the 1970s, with noticeable gains in production, incomes, and infrastructure, although progress was uneven in each of these areas. The chapter then discusses rural institutions and the shift away from urban bias. It argues that agriculture underperformed because land reform was insufficient for long-term growth and because South Korea's rural institutions were relatively weak. The Ministry of Agriculture was low in the bureaucratic hierarchy, and its extension agencies never developed deep roots in society. The National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (NACF) in particular was qualitatively different from its counterpart in Taiwan; it was an appendage of the state that exhibited linkage but not autonomy. Rural policy was implemented in a more rigid, top-down manner, with less participation from small farmers and fewer people advocating on their behalf. The South Korean case illustrates both the strengths and weaknesses of a campaign approach to development. The New Village Movement essentially reset the priorities of every branch of government, temporarily overriding other work.

scholarly journals Rural Business Hub: Framework for a New Rural Development Approach in Rain-Fed Areas of Pakistan—A Case of Punjab Province

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401988513
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmad Baig ◽  
Rai Niaz Ahmad ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad Baig ◽  
Asghar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Rural Finance ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Punjab Province ◽  
Skilled Manpower ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Development Approach

The purpose of this article is to present a framework that could be used to achieve the objective of sustainable rural development in a community which is characterized by high numbers of smallholders, landless peasants, and unskilled or semi-skilled labor ultimately leading to low productivity and high rates of poverty. The study presents a design inspired by “Saemaul Undong” (New Village Movement) of South Korea. The proposed model is based on proposing a four-tier approach for the working of the village-level cooperatives which will be self-reliant through a network connection to the national and international markets. Existing studies and surveys in Punjab province of Pakistan have established that rural areas are often lacking essential facilities that affect the abilities of these areas to retain skilled manpower thus leading to resource drain and negatively impacting the agricultural productivity. The proposed Village-City Model, “VCM,” was designed to strengthen the local infrastructure and built interest-based cooperatives to develop an environment which can sustain the benefits of higher productivity and translate these into better livelihoods. It is proposed that farmer-centered cooperatives with appropriate institutional arrangements could result in developing village-based cities where skilled manpower can exert to in better resource use efficiency, access to market coupled with rural finance schemes to enhance resource base and access to technology. The cooperatives experience is considered as a bitter experience in Pakistan. However, the analysis of failures of cooperatives in Pakistan revealed many bottlenecks which have been addressed through indigenization of Saemaul Undong.

scholarly journals Prospects of Rural Transformation Centre (RTC) of Malaysia from the Perspective of Inclusive Rural Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-645
Author(s):  
Shawon Shahriar ◽  
Chamhuri Siwar ◽  
Rospidah Ghazali ◽  
Norshamliza Chamhuri
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Transformation
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