Craniofacial Cephalometric Evaluation in Habitual Snorers with and without Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Cephalometry has been used to evaluate soft tissue and craniofacial dimensions in moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), but rarely in habitual snoring, the preclinical stage of OSA. This study deals with craniofacial bone measurements in a sample of 28 male habitual snorers with and without OSA, and 10 healthy non-snorers. Habitual snorers showed a significant decrease in sagittal dimensions of the cranial base and mandibular bone; there was also a shorter maxilla in group B (apnea plus hypopnea index more than 10) with respect to group A (apnea plus hypopnea index less or equal to 10). Facial height and angle dimensions were not different between snorers and non-snorers. These findings indicate that some habitual snorers may have some anatomic disposition to upper airway obstruction during sleep.

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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome should be considered as a cause of nocturia in younger patients without other voiding symptoms

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.3508 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (7-8) ◽

pp. 241 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Takahiro Maeda ◽

Koichi Fukunaga ◽

Hirohiko Nagata ◽

Mizuha Haraguchi ◽

Eiji Kikuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Old Patients ◽

Voiding Symptoms ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Group A ◽

Apnea Syndrome ◽

Group B

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate urination frequency among patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment.Methods: We evaluated 138 men with moderate-to-severe OSAS by using polysomnography. Urination status was assessed at baseline and three months using the International Prostate Symptom Score and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score. Nocturia was defined as ≥2 nighttime urinations and patients were classified into Group A (<50 years old with nocturia), Group B (≥50 years old with nocturia), and Group C (patients without nocturia). OSAS severity and other urinary symptoms were also evaluated.Results: Patients with nocturia exhibited more severe OSAS, compared to patients without nocturia (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI]: 52.0 vs. 44.7; p=0.021). Group A had the worst AHI, but did not have additional voiding symptoms, compared to Group B (p<0.001). The number of urinations was significantly correlated with OSAS severity in <50-year-old patients (p=0.013). CPAP reduced the number of urinations in Group A (75% of patients) and Group B (90% of patients). Patients with and without improved nocturia exhibited significant differences in their baseline OSAS severity (AHI: 53.7 vs. 37.3; p=0.042).Conclusions: OSAS severity was associated with the number of urinations in <50-year-old patients. CPAP decreased the nocturia frequency in 85% of patients with nocturia and was most effective in patients with severe AHI. However, additional studies should evaluate voiding volume in order to elucidate the mechanism of nocturia in patients with OSAS.

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Functional Upper Airway Space Endoscopy: A Prognostic Indicator in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment with Mandibular Advancement Devices

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052393 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2393

Author(s):

Giulio Gasparini ◽

Gianmarco Saponaro ◽

Mattia Todaro ◽

Gabriele Ciasca ◽

Lorenzo Cigni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Prognostic Indicator ◽

Mandibular Advancement ◽

Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽

Upper Airways ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Purpose: The use of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a consolidated therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of awake upper airways (UA) functional endoscopy in identifying the outcome of MAD therapy. Methods: This observational prospective study included 30 adult OSA patients, all patients underwent pre-treatment awake UA functional endoscopy, during the exam subjects were instructed to advance their mandible maximally, and they were divided into three different groups according to the response of the soft tissue, group A (expansion), group B (stretch), group C (unchanged). The results of this test were used in combination with other noninvasive indexes to predict the treatment outcome in terms of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) reduction. Results: We found that a substantial AHI reduction occurred in group A and group B while e slight AHI reduction was measured in group C. Conclusion: Based on our experience the awake UA endoscopy is a valid prognostic exam for discriminating responder and non-responder patients; in addition our results indicate the possibility of predicting a range of post-treatment AHI index values.

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Dimensional analysis of the upper airway in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients treated with mandibular advancement device: a bi and three‐dimensional evaluation

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation ◽

10.1111/joor.13176 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rocío Marco‐Pitarch ◽

Marina Selva‐García ◽

Andrés Plaza‐Espín ◽

Javier Puertas‐Cuesta ◽

Rubén Agustín‐Panadero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Dimensional Analysis ◽

Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Mandibular Advancement ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Apnea Syndrome

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Upper Airway Collapsibility During REM Sleep in Children with the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/32.9.1173 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 1173-1181 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jingtao Huang ◽

Laurie R. Karamessinis ◽

Michelle E. Pepe ◽

Stephen M. Glinka ◽

John M. Samuel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Airway Collapsibility ◽

Apnea Syndrome ◽

Upper Airway Collapsibility

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Measurement of pharyngeal segments in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2018.v21i1.1486 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Marcos Marques Rodrigues ◽

Lucas Borin Moura ◽

Ariane De Souza Oliveira ◽

Marisa Aparecida Cabrini Gabrielli ◽

Valfrido Antonio Pereira Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Cone Beam Ct ◽

Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Intimate Relation ◽

The Mean ◽

Cephalometric Measurements

Objective: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) occurs by recurrent collapse of the upper airway during sleep. It results in complete (apnea) or partial (hypopnea) reduction of airflow and has intimate relation with the upper airway anatomy. Cephalometric analysis has been used to quantify airway dimensions. The aim of this study is evaluate the correlation between the anteroposterior dimension of the upper airway and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed reviewing polysomnographic data (AHI) and anteroposterior cephalometric measurements of pharynx subregions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx. Results: The sample consisted of 30 patients. The mean body mass index was 29.60 kg/m2 and the average age was 46.8 years. Nine patients presented severe OSA, seven had moderate OSA , seven had mild OSA, and seven were healthy. The Pearson's correlation index between the anteroposterior dimension of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx and AHI was respectively -0.128 (p=0.517), -0.272 (p=0.162) and -0.129 (p=0.513). Conclusion: The correlation between anteroposterior linear dimension of the airway and OSA severity, assessed by AHI, was not positive. As an isolated parameter it did not correlate to the severity of the obstrucive sleep apnea syndrome and should be evaluated in conjunction with other factors. KeywordsUpper Airway; Obstructive sleep apnea; Cone beam CT.

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