scholarly journals Functional Upper Airway Space Endoscopy: A Prognostic Indicator in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment with Mandibular Advancement Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2393
Author(s):  
Giulio Gasparini ◽  
Gianmarco Saponaro ◽  
Mattia Todaro ◽  
Gabriele Ciasca ◽  
Lorenzo Cigni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Purpose: The use of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a consolidated therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of awake upper airways (UA) functional endoscopy in identifying the outcome of MAD therapy. Methods: This observational prospective study included 30 adult OSA patients, all patients underwent pre-treatment awake UA functional endoscopy, during the exam subjects were instructed to advance their mandible maximally, and they were divided into three different groups according to the response of the soft tissue, group A (expansion), group B (stretch), group C (unchanged). The results of this test were used in combination with other noninvasive indexes to predict the treatment outcome in terms of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) reduction. Results: We found that a substantial AHI reduction occurred in group A and group B while e slight AHI reduction was measured in group C. Conclusion: Based on our experience the awake UA endoscopy is a valid prognostic exam for discriminating responder and non-responder patients; in addition our results indicate the possibility of predicting a range of post-treatment AHI index values.

Mandibular Advancement Device use for therapy of simple snoring: mini review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (41) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Erdem Atalay Cetinkaya
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Mandibular Advancement Device ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Simple Snoring

AbstractOral devices that treat obstructive sleep apnea are an easy and influential option to protect the upper airways from sleep obstructions. One example is the mandibular advancement device (MAD), which is a non-invasive apparatus specified in adults with simple snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnea. Recently, due to the constraints of other therapies, like positive airway pressure treatment and surgical methods, there has been growing interest in the use of oral appliance for simple snoring patients. MAD is managed to improve the upper airway volume, minimize upper airway collapse and reduce snoring. On the other hand, it remains inferior to CPAP in the reduction of the apnea-hypopnea scores, with therapy success varying from 24% to 72%. The treatment modalities include skilled physicians and multidisciplinary strategies to treat patients with snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) effectively. Some researchers also suggest potential predictors of progress in care, but specific criteria for patient selection and predictive clinical principles for effectiveness in all treatment modalities are still needed. The aim of this brief clinical Study is to review MAD brief history, design, indications, contraindications, therapy efficiency, side effects, and current perspectives.

Association between Flexible Nasal Endoscopy, Polysonography Findins and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severety

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Zappelini CEM ◽  
Jeremias LA ◽  
Borba IN ◽  
Machado LZ ◽  
Nicoladelli SJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a condition with recurrent collapses of the pharyngeal region that result in partial or total reduction in airflow. Its diagnosis and severity depends on the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), data from the polysomnography exam (PSG). Its pathophysiology includes anatomical disorders of the upper airways that can be assessed through Flexible Nasofibroscopy (FN). Objective: To identify the alterations present in the tests of FN and PSG in patients with OSA and correlate with the AHI. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with data collected from reports of the FN and PSG exams of 81 patients with OSA, seen at an otorhinolaryngology clinic in Tubarão - SC. It was verified the association between the outcome –AHI- and other exposure variables - sociodemographic and clinical. Results: Among the 81 patients, 75.31% were male, 41.98% had mild apnea, 30.86% moderate and 27.16% severe apnea. There was no correlation between FN findings and AHI (p> 0.05). There was a difference between the mean age, number of obstructive episodes per hour of sleep and minimum saturation between the groups with severe and mild apnea (p <0.05). Patients with severe apnea had a higher percentage of sleep phase one and a shorter REM sleep time compared to the mild apnea group (p <0.05). A positive correlation was obtained between: obstructive episodes with sleep stage 1 (p <0.01) and age (p <0.05); between minimum saturation and sleep stage 3 (p <0.05). There was an inverse correlation between obstructive episodes with minimal saturation (p <0.001), with sleep stage 3 (p <0.01) and with REM sleep (p <0.01); between age and minimum saturation (p <0.01). Conclusion: OSA directly interferes with sleep architecture. The present study did not find association between upper airway alterations and OSA severity.

scholarly journals Correlation between Polysomnographic Parameters and Tridimensional Changes in the Upper Airway of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients Treated with Mandibular Advancement Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5255
Author(s):  
Sara Camañes-Gonzalvo ◽  
Rocío Marco-Pitarch ◽  
Andrés Plaza-Espín ◽  
Javier Puertas-Cuesta ◽  
Rubén Agustín-Panadero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Mandibular Advancement Device ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Mandibular Advancement Devices

Background. The effectiveness of mandibular advancement devices has been solidly demonstrated in the past. They are considered a valid alternative treatment to continuous positive airway pressure for patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Nevertheless, the relationship between polysomnographic parameters and the increase in the volume of the upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has not been clearly established so far. This study aimed to determine the impact of these oral appliances upon the volume of the airway after the device titration phase and correlate it with the degree of mandibular advancement and the improvement of polysomnographic parameters. Methods. All patients were diagnosed by polysomnography and were treated with a customized, titratable mandibular advancement device. Three-dimensional volumetric measurements were performed using cone beam computed tomography. Results. The present study included 45 patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (mild in 23 patients, moderate in 11 and severe in 11). Forty-four percent of the patients presented with an apnea hypopnea index <5/h at the end of treatment. The volume of the upper airway increased an average of 4.3 ± 5.9 cm3, this represents a percentage increase of 20.9%, which was significantly correlated with an apnea hypopnea index and a minimum oxygen saturation improvement. Conclusions. The mandibular advancement device used was found to be effective in improving polysomnographic parameters. Moreover, the oral appliance was able to significantly increase the tridimensional dimensions of the upper airway. Moreover, this finding was correlated with a reduction in the apnea hypopnea index (p = 0.007) and an increase on minimum oxygen saturation (p = 0.033).

scholarly journals Cervical computed tomography in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: influence of head elevation on the assessment of upper airway volume

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio José Fabrício de Barros Souza ◽  
Anne Rosso Evangelista ◽  
Juliana Veiga Silva ◽  
Grégory Vinícius Périco ◽  
Kristian Madeira
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Mean

Objective : Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has a high prevalence and carries significant cardiovascular risks. It is important to study new therapeutic approaches to this disease. Positional therapy might be beneficial in reducing the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Imaging methods have been employed in order to facilitate the evaluation of the airways of OSAS patients and can be used in order to determine the effectiveness of certain treatments. This study was aimed at determining the influence that upper airway volume, as measured by cervical CT, has in patients diagnosed with OSAS. Methods : This was a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study. We evaluated 10 patients who had been diagnosed with OSAS by polysomnography and on the basis of the clinical evaluation. All of the patients underwent conventional cervical CT in the supine position. Scans were obtained with the head of the patient in two positions (neutral and at a 44° upward inclination), and the upper airway volume was compared between the two. Results : The mean age, BMI, and neck circumference were 48.9 ± 14.4 years, 30.5 ± 3.5 kg/m2, and 40.3 ± 3.4 cm, respectively. The mean AHI was 13.7 ± 10.6 events/h (range, 6.0-41.6 events/h). The OSAS was classified as mild, moderate, and severe in 70%, 20%, and 10% of the patients, respectively. The mean upper airway volume was 7.9 cm3 greater when the head was at a 44° upward inclination than when it was in the neutral position, and that difference (17.5 ± 11.0%) was statistically significant (p = 0.002). Conclusions : Elevating the head appears to result in a significant increase in the caliber of the upper airways in OSAS patients.

Craniofacial Cephalometric Evaluation in Habitual Snorers with and without Obstructive Sleep Apnea

1993 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Zucconi ◽  
Luigi Ferini-Strambi ◽  
Stefano Palazzi ◽  
Chiara Curci ◽  
Emanuele Cucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Mandibular Bone ◽  
Habitual Snoring ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Cephalometry has been used to evaluate soft tissue and craniofacial dimensions in moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), but rarely in habitual snoring, the preclinical stage of OSA. This study deals with craniofacial bone measurements in a sample of 28 male habitual snorers with and without OSA, and 10 healthy non-snorers. Habitual snorers showed a significant decrease in sagittal dimensions of the cranial base and mandibular bone; there was also a shorter maxilla in group B (apnea plus hypopnea index more than 10) with respect to group A (apnea plus hypopnea index less or equal to 10). Facial height and angle dimensions were not different between snorers and non-snorers. These findings indicate that some habitual snorers may have some anatomic disposition to upper airway obstruction during sleep.

scholarly journals Comparison of Titratable Oral Appliance and Mandibular Advancement Splint in the Treatment of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emel Sari ◽  
Steven Menillo
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Oral Appliance ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Mandibular Advancement Splint ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Objective. To compare the effect of two intraoral devices (titratable oral appliance-Klearway (KW) and mandibular advancement splint (MAS)) in mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Method and Materials. The study group was comprised of twenty-four adult volunteer patients with OSA. Twelve subjects were fitted with a titratable oral appliance (group KW) protruding the mandible (85% of maximum protrusion). The other 12 subjects received MAS with 75% protrusion of the mandible (group MAS). Baseline, (“0.PSG”), first week (K1.PSG for KW group and M1.PSG for MAS group), and after the first month (K2.PSG for KW group and M2′. PSG for MAS group). Results. Both groups produced similar reduction in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) from baseline till the end of the first week and first month (P<.05). However, the success rate of both groups at the end of the first month was found to be statistically different from the success rate of the first week (P<.05). The reduction in mean AHI of group KW-moderate (KW-mo) was significantly different from the mean AHI of group MAS-moderate (MAS-mo) at the end of the first month (P<.05). Conclusion. This study suggests that Klearway appliance was more effective in treating moderate OSA patients than MAS appliance. It was concluded that an appliance that provides 85% mandibular advancement to open the upper airway was more effective in reducing the number of high apneic events during sleep in comparison to the one which provides 75%.

scholarly journals A singular oral appliance to treat obstructive sleep apnea in CPAP non-adherent patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Denise Fernandes Barbosa ◽  
Lilian Chrystiane Giannasi ◽  
Liege Maria Di Bisceglie Ferreira ◽  
Miguel Meira e Cruz ◽  
Marcelo Corrêa Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Oral Appliance ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Airway Patency ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

ABSTRACT Introduction: The most prescribed treatment option for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is CPAP; however, its adherence is limited. Oral Appliance therapy (OAT) is frequently an option or even an adjuvant, being the mandibular advancement Oral Appliance (OAm) the most used prescription. It modifies the upper airway, improving the airway patency. OAm construction is based on the occlusal plane to disocclusion. In this study, the DIORS® appliance was used, a singular OAm, based on Neuro-Occlusal Rehabilitation concepts, that uses Camper’s plane as a disocclusion reference, in order to achieve neuromuscular balance and functional stability. Objective: This study primarily aimed to assess the DIORS® effectiveness in relation to clinical and polysomnographic outcomes. It was also evaluated if the use of DIORS® is as effective as titrated CPAP to treat CPAP non-adherent patients. Methods: Twenty patients were included in this study. Objective and subjective clinical data were assessed at a sleep laboratory using all-night polysomnography, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), taken at three moments: Baseline, CPAP titration, and using DIORS®. Analysis of respiratory parameters as apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), oxyhemoglobin saturation levels, the arousal index and daytime sleepiness were taken as criteria for a successful OAT. Results: Respiratory and arousal parameters improved in both therapies, while DIORS® promoted a better ESS. Conclusion: Results from the present work support that DIORS® is a viable and effective adjuvant therapy for patients with moderate to severe OSA non-adherent to CPAP.

Influence of mandibular advancement on tongue dilatory movement during wakefulness and how this is related to oral appliance therapy outcome for obstructive sleep apnea

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauriane Jugé ◽  
Jade Yeung ◽  
Fiona L Knapman ◽  
Peter G R Burke ◽  
Aimee B Lowth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Tongue Movement ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives To characterize how mandibular advancement splint (MAS) alters inspiratory tongue movement in people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during wakefulness and whether this is associated with MAS treatment outcome. Methods A total of 87 untreated OSA participants (20 women, apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) 7–102 events/h, aged 19–76 years) underwent a 3T MRI with a MAS in situ. Mid-sagittal tagged images quantified inspiratory tongue movement with the mandible in a neutral position and advanced to 70% of the maximum. Movement was quantified with harmonic phase methods. Treatment outcome was determined after at least 9 weeks of therapy. Results A total of 72 participants completed the study: 34 were responders (AHI &lt; 5 or AHI ≤ 10events/h with &gt;50% reduction in AHI), 9 were partial responders (&gt;50% reduction in AHI but AHI &gt; 10 events/h), and 29 nonresponders (change in AHI &lt;50% and AHI ≥ 10 events/h). About 62% (45/72) of participants had minimal inspiratory tongue movement (&lt;1 mm) in the neutral position, and this increased to 72% (52/72) after advancing the mandible. Mandibular advancement altered inspiratory tongue movement pattern for 40% (29/72) of participants. When tongue dilatory patterns altered with advancement, 80% (4/5) of those who changed to a counterproductive movement pattern (posterior movement &gt;1 mm) were nonresponders and 71% (5/7) of those who changed to beneficial (anterior movement &gt;1 mm) were partial or complete responders. Conclusions The mandibular advancement action on upper airway dilator muscles differs between individuals. When mandibular advancement alters inspiratory tongue movement, therapeutic response to MAS therapy was more common among those who convert to a beneficial movement pattern.

564 Patient Charactarestics With Normal to Mild Apnea Hypopnea Index Undergoing Polysomnography to Diagnose Obstructive Sleep Apnea

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A223-A223
Author(s):  
Majid AlTeneiji ◽  
Leah Schmalz ◽  
Adetayo Adeleye
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Patient Referral ◽  
Airway Surgery ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Group A ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
Group B

Abstract Introduction Polysomnography (PSG) testing is expensive and not easily accessible. Waiting time for a routine PSG at the Alberta Children’s Hospital (ACH) can be up to a year. Majority of PSG studies performed are for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A previous quality improvement (QI) project conducted at the ACH showed that two-thirds of children who had undergone initial PSG testing had an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) in the normal or mild range. Given our limited resources, better characterization of patient referral characteristics and process factors as documented on the PSG requisition will inform our triage process, decrease wait time, improve resource allocation and information provided to referral sources. Methods Retrospective review of PSG’s performed for the initial diagnosis of OSA was completed between January 2018 and March 2020 at the ACH. Patient referral characteristics (age, sex, growth parameters, medical diagnosis, indication for PSG, previous airway surgery), process factors (source of referral, PSG referral and completion date, triage status) and AHI were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups (group A: normal and mild; group B: moderate and severe) based on AHI. Data obtained from the groupings were compared and analyzed descriptively. PSG triage to completion time was also calculated for each group. Results A total of 798 initial PSG studies were completed between January 2018 and March 2020. Of the PSG’s reviewed 64.8% were in group A and 35.2% were in group B. Common medical diagnoses in group A included ADHD, Asthma and Autism, whereas group B had T21 and Enuresis. History of previous airway surgery did not differ between groups. Conclusion Further clarification of the patient’s underlying medical diagnosis (referral characteristic) may help inform our triage process. The implication of previous airway surgery (process factor) on AHI severity is unclear at this point. More data is actively being collected to further interrogate these preliminary findings. Support (if any):

Aerodynamics Analysis of the Impact of Nasal Surgery on Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Nasal Obstruction

ORL ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lifeng Li ◽  
Demin Han ◽  
Hongrui Zang ◽  
Nyall R. London
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Nasal Surgery ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nasal surgery on airflow characteristics in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by comparing the alterations of airflow characteristics within the nasal and palatopharyngeal cavities. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty patients with OSA and nasal obstruction who underwent nasal surgery were enrolled. A pre- and postoperative 3-dimensional model was constructed, and alterations of airflow characteristics were assessed using the method of computational fluid dynamics. The other subjective and objective clinical indices were also assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> By comparison with the preoperative value, all postoperative subjective symptoms statistically improved (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05), while the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) changed little (<i>p</i> = 0.492); the postoperative airflow velocity and pressure in both nasal and palatopharyngeal cavities, nasal and palatopharyngeal pressure differences, and total upper airway resistance statistically decreased (all <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). A significant difference was derived for correlation between the alteration of simulation metrics with subjective improvements (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05), except with the AHI (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Nasal surgery can decrease the total resistance of the upper airway and increase the nasal airflow volume and subjective sleep quality in patients with OSA and nasal obstruction. The altered airflow characteristics might contribute to the postoperative reduction of pharyngeal collapse in a subset of OSA patients.

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