Phonological awareness intervention using a standard treatment protocol for individuals with Down syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 026565902110330
Author(s):  
Alison Hessling Prahl ◽  
Ragan Jones ◽  
C Melanie Schuele ◽  
Stephen Camarata
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome

This multiple baseline across-participants single case desgin study examined the effect of small group, phonological awareness intervention on the phonological awareness skills of three school-age children with Down syndrome. Each child with Down syndrome was paired with a typical peer to participate in small group intervention, three sessions per week for seven weeks. Lessons from a single unit in the Intensive Phonological Awareness Program were adapted to incorporate repeated exposure to the curriculum and increased opportunities for practice. A functional relation between the intervention and improved phonological awareness skills was not established based on visual analysis of the probe data across the three participants. However, an increasing therapeutic trend following delayed treatment effects as well as an increase in phase means from baseline to intervention was observed for each participant. This investigation provides preliminary guidance for adapting phonological awareness standard treatment protocols for children with Down syndrome by providing repeated opportunities for practice and including peers in small group intervention.

Adapting Phonological Awareness Interventions for Children With Down Syndrome Based on the Behavioral Phenotype: A Promising Approach?

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Lemons ◽  
Seth A. King ◽  
Kimberly A. Davidson ◽  
Cynthia S. Puranik ◽  
Deborah Fulmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Behavioral Phenotype ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Alphabetic Language ◽  
Case Design

Abstract Many children with Down syndrome demonstrate deficits in phonological awareness, a prerequisite to learning to read in an alphabetic language. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adapting a commercially available phonological awareness program to better align with characteristics associated with the behavioral phenotype of Down syndrome would increase children's learning of phonological awareness, letter sounds, and words. Five children with Down syndrome, ages 6 to 8 years, participated in a multiple baseline across participants single case design experiment in which response to an adapted phonological awareness intervention was compared with response to the nonadapted program. Results indicate a functional relation between the adapted program and phonological awareness. Suggestions for future research and implications for practice are provided.

scholarly journals Parent-Implemented Oral Vocabulary Intervention for Children With Down Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 027112142110058
Author(s):  
Lauren M. LeJeune ◽  
Christopher J. Lemons ◽  
Silje Hokstad ◽  
Rebeca Aldama ◽  
Kari-Anne B. Næss
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Oral Vocabulary ◽  
Data Variability ◽  
Multiple Probe ◽  
Increasing Trends

Young children with Down syndrome (DS) often demonstrate impaired oral vocabulary development; however, few intervention studies have focused on this population. One promising method to improve the oral vocabulary of young children with DS may be to train their parents to intervene at home. In this study, we used tele-education methods (e.g., videoconferences, email) to coach parents to implement an adapted version of Down Syndrome LanguagePlus (DSL+). Four children with DS (aged 5–6 years) participated in the multiple probe across behaviors (i.e., stories) single-case research design study. Increasing trends during baseline and data variability precluded confirmation of a functional relation; however, results indicated that all participants increased their scores on mastery measures of targeted vocabulary. Three of the four parents implemented DSL+ with high fidelity and responded favorably to social validity interviews.

Teaching and Promoting Generalization of Peer Imitation With Preschoolers With Disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 105381512110550
Author(s):  
Mollie J. Todt ◽  
Erin E. Barton ◽  
Jennifer R. Ledford ◽  
Gabriela N. Robinson ◽  
Emma B. Skiba
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Strategies ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Progressive Time Delay ◽  
Preschoolers With Disabilities ◽  
Reinforcer Assessments

Researchers have identified effective instructional strategies for teaching peer imitation, including embedded classroom-based interventions. However, there is a dearth of strategies that have been effective for teaching generalization of imitation skills to novel contexts. Building on previous research, we examined the use of progressive time delay to increase peer imitation in the context of a play activity for four preschoolers with disabilities. We conducted preference and reinforcer assessments to identify effective reinforcers for each child prior to intervention. We conducted a multiple baseline across participants design meeting contemporary single case standards and used visual analysis to identify a functional relation: the intervention package was associated with an increase in the participants’ peer imitation in training contexts. The intervention also led to levels of peer imitation comparable to those of typically developing peers, as measured by a normative peer sample, and generalization to novel contexts.

Effects of Video Modeling for Young Adults With Autism in Community Employment Settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-225
Author(s):  
Leslie Ann Bross ◽  
Jason C. Travers ◽  
Howard P. Wills ◽  
Jonathan M. Huffman ◽  
Emma K. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Video Modeling ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Target Behaviors ◽  
Young Adults With Autism

This single case design study evaluated the effects of a video modeling (VM) intervention on the customer service skills of five young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Verbalization of greeting, service, and closing phrases contextualized to community employment settings were the target behaviors. A systematic approach to visual analysis indicated the presence of a functional relation for all participants. Coworkers, job coaches, and supervisors successfully applied the VM intervention during the generalization condition. Maintenance probes conducted at 2 and 4 weeks indicated that most customer service skills were maintained. Results indicated VM was also effective in enhancing the quality of interactions with customers. Implications for research and practice related to the competitive employment of young adults with ASD are discussed.

scholarly journals Teaching Preschoolers With Down Syndrome Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication Modeling During Small Group Dialogic Reading

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily D. Quinn ◽  
Ann P. Kaiser ◽  
Jennifer R. Ledford
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Dialogic Reading ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Symbolic Communication ◽  
Response Generalization ◽  
Multiple Probe

Purpose This study evaluated the effect of aided augmentative and alternative communication modeling (AAC-MOD) on the communication skills of children with Down syndrome (DS) during small group dialogic reading. Method Four children with DS between 3;1 and 5;3 (years;months; M = 4;5) and 5 typically developing peers between 3;5 and 5;9 ( M = 4;3) participated. Effects were examined using a multiple probe across behaviors design with 4 children with DS. To simulate typical dialogic reading routines in inclusive classrooms, a strategy called Read, Ask, Answer, Prompt ( Binger, Kent-Walsh, Ewing, & Taylor, 2010 ) was applied during the baseline and intervention sessions. Results A functional relation was demonstrated between (a) AAC-MOD and percentage of correctly identified symbols for 3 participants, (b) AAC-MOD and rate of symbolic communication for 2 participants, and (c) AAC-MOD and number of different words for 2 participants. Increases in number of multiple word combinations occurred for 2 participants. All 4 children maintained their percentage of correctly identified symbols. Increases in rate of symbolic communication did not generalize to thematic play contexts, a distal measure of response generalization. Conclusion AAC-MOD is an effective strategy for teaching target vocabulary and increasing rate of symbolic communication in young children with DS. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10093538

A Systematic Review of Interventions to Promote Varied Social-Communication Behavior in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 790-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Wolfe ◽  
Sara Pound ◽  
Meka N. McCammon ◽  
Laura C. Chezan ◽  
Erik Drasgow
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Communication Behaviors

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may engage in repetitive social-communication behaviors that can limit their skill acquisition, access to reinforcement, and access to less restrictive settings. Basic and applied research indicates that variability, or the extent to which responses are topographically different from one another, is influenced by antecedent and consequence interventions. Our purpose in this study is to systematically review the literature on interventions to increase variable social-communication behaviors in individuals with ASD. We identified 32 studies through a database search and screened them using the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) Single-Case Design Standards. Eighteen studies containing 55 cases met WWC Design Standards. We coded the descriptive characteristics and strength of evidence based on visual analysis from each of these 18 studies and calculated effect sizes using Tau-U. Our results indicate that most cases (65%) provide strong evidence of a functional relation between the interventions and varied social-communication behaviors, and the median Tau-U was .82. We discuss the implications of our results for practice and for future research on interventions designed to increase variability with this population.

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