Genetic Study of Four Candidate Holliday Junction Processing Proteins in the Thermophilic Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

Homologous recombination (HR) is thought to be important for the repair of stalled replication forks in hyperthermophilic archaea. Previous biochemical studies identified two branch migration helicases (Hjm and PINA) and two Holliday junction (HJ) resolvases (Hjc and Hje) as HJ-processing proteins; however, due to the lack of genetic evidence, it is still unclear whether these proteins are actually involved in HR in vivo and how their functional relation is associated with the process. To address the above questions, we constructed hjc-, hje-, hjm-, and pina single-knockout strains and double-knockout strains of the thermophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and characterized the mutant phenotypes. Notably, we succeeded in isolating the hjm- and/or pina-deleted strains, suggesting that the functions of Hjm and PINA are not essential for cellular growth in this archaeon, as they were previously thought to be essential. Growth retardation in Δpina was observed at low temperatures (cold sensitivity). When deletion of the HJ resolvase genes was combined, Δpina Δhjc and Δpina Δhje exhibited severe cold sensitivity. Δhjm exhibited severe sensitivity to interstrand crosslinkers, suggesting that Hjm is involved in repairing stalled replication forks, as previously demonstrated in euryarchaea. Our findings suggest that the function of PINA and HJ resolvases is functionally related at lower temperatures to support robust cellular growth, and Hjm is important for the repair of stalled replication forks in vivo.

Langgar dan Peran Kiai Langgar dalam Peningkatan Pendidikan Agama Islam Desa Kertanegara

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Architectural Affordances

In the article discussed in this chapter, the authors describe a framework of neuroaesthetics for architectural experiences that considers sensory feedback stemming from movement central for the experience of the built environment. As we move through space when experiencing architecture, our sensory impressions change, rendering the body and the brain as nondissociable agents of aesthetic experience. This interaction is described by the term affordance. The authors cast the human experience of the built environment to be predicated on the functional relation between action and perception and developed a neuroscientific experiment on architectural transitions to investigate how the human brain reflects architectural affordances. They found that varying sizes of transitions, reflecting different affordances, impact early perceptual processes, suggesting that our perception is indeed colored by the action potentials afforded by the composed space. In conclusion, the shape of space resonates with our embodied predictions regarding movement.

Effectiveness of Responsivity Intervention Strategies on Prelinguistic and Language Outcomes for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Group and Single Case Studies

We conducted a systematic review to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and single case research design (SCRD) studies of children with autism spectrum disorder that evaluate the effectiveness of responsivity intervention techniques for improving prelinguistic and/or language outcomes. Mean effect sizes were moderate and large for RCTs (33 studies; g = 0.36, 95% CI [0.21, 0.51]) and SCRD (34 studies; between-case standardized mean difference = 1.20, 95% CI [0.87, 1.54]) studies, respectively. Visual analysis (37 studies) revealed strong evidence of a functional relation for 45% of the opportunities and no evidence for 53%. Analyses of moderator effects and study quality are presented. Findings provide support for responsivity intervention strategies with more robust support for context-bound outcomes than more generalized outcomes.

Teaching and Promoting Generalization of Peer Imitation With Preschoolers With Disabilities

Researchers have identified effective instructional strategies for teaching peer imitation, including embedded classroom-based interventions. However, there is a dearth of strategies that have been effective for teaching generalization of imitation skills to novel contexts. Building on previous research, we examined the use of progressive time delay to increase peer imitation in the context of a play activity for four preschoolers with disabilities. We conducted preference and reinforcer assessments to identify effective reinforcers for each child prior to intervention. We conducted a multiple baseline across participants design meeting contemporary single case standards and used visual analysis to identify a functional relation: the intervention package was associated with an increase in the participants’ peer imitation in training contexts. The intervention also led to levels of peer imitation comparable to those of typically developing peers, as measured by a normative peer sample, and generalization to novel contexts.

TIME REPRESENTATION IN SCIENTIFIC DIAGRAMS: GALILEO GALILEI’S SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF THE MOTION OF A FALLING BODY

Рассматриваются способы научного изображения темпоральных явлений на примере чертежей Галилео Галилея, при помощи которых он описывает и исследует равноускоренное движение. Для анализа применяется концептуальная рамка теории изобразительной и неизобразительной репрезентации Грегори Карри. Показано, что в случае научных диаграмм и графиков, представляющих время как одно из измерений пространства, основанием для геометрической изобразимости времени становится полагаемый изоморфизм между временем как континуумом мгновений и линией как континуумом точек. Парадигму такого структурного сопоставления мы находим в математическом мышлении Галилея, наиболее ярко проявляющемся в доказательстве формулы равноускоренного движения, представленном в «Беседах и математических доказательствах». The textbook narrative of the scientific revolution of the 17th century says that the early modern transformation of physics and mechanics was grounded in mathematization, that is, the application of mathematical principles and procedures to physical entities and events. However, such a transformation faces a major obstacle: compared to geometry, mechanics includes an additional dimension, namely, time. When temporality of motion is to be represented geometrically, a question arises on how a temporal succession can be expressed by a static image. The problem of representation of temporal events is not limited to science. In my paper, I apply a conceptual tool elaborated by Gregory Currie for the analysis of temporal representations in art, especially in cinema, to the analysis of scientific diagrams. In his book Image and Mind. Film, Philosophy, and Cognitive Science (1995), Currie distinguishes depictive and nondepictive representations, arguing that depictive representation requires similarity and homomorphism between an object ant its representation. Thus, it seems that any non-temporal image of temporal processes would lack the required similarity and cannot be a depictive representation. However, taking into account explanations given by Galileo Galilei for his famous diagrams of accelerated motion, I argue that the representation of time in scientific diagrams as a geometrical line is grounded in isomorphism between time as a continuous structure and continuous structure of a geometrical line. The main temporal process studied by mechanics is motion. Motion can be represented in two main ways: as a trajectory of a body over some period of time or as a functional relation of various parameters of motion (speed, path, acceleration) versus time. In the latter case, time is usually represented in a diagram as a geometrical line. We can find the origin of this type of representation in the late medieval doctrine of ‘intensio et remissio qualitatum’, intension and remission of qualities, in the context of which first diagrams representing intensity and extension of velocity of nonuniform motion as a changing quality over time were produced (Nicolas Oresme). We can find very similar graphical schemes in Galileo Galilei’s works, especially in Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienze (1638). In this work, Galileo announces with all clarity that he considers time to be the same aggregate of temporal moments as a line is an aggregate of points: every moment of time has a corresponding point on the geometrical line. This allows us to establish a homomorphic similarity between temporal duration and spatial (geometrical) extension. Thus, the essential requirement for depictive representation is met. Concluding, I have to point out that the homomorphic relation in this case is established between not real but abstract entities. The visible line itself is a representation of non-visible abstract geometrical line; in the same way, time consisting of non-divisible moments is just an abstract construction which refers to physical of psychological time-duration. However, the established relation between abstract time and abstract geometrical lines is a grounding event of the modern physical science.

Influencing Factors of Rock Electrical Signal Analysis Based on Artificial Intelligence

To get the generation mechanism and influence factors of the coal-rock electrical signal, it provides a reference for coal-rock electric signal prediction and dynamic disaster. Firstly, the law of charge energy relation is deduced by using the universal or functional relation of Newton’s law, and then coal and rock mass with different properties such as coal, granite, and sandstone are selected. Using the established test system, the influence of coal and rock electric signal is analyzed from the coal-rock temperature, coal and rock properties, coal-rock friction, coal-rock loading speed, and coal-rock load size. The chief results can be summarized as follows: in the process of coal-rock rising with temperature, the change rule of electrical signals can be divided into three stages according to the strength of electrical signals generated. The amplitudes of electrical signals generated by uniaxial compression of coal-rock mass with different properties are obviously different. Electrical signals can be generated during the friction of coal and rock. With the augment of loading speed, the electrical semaphore generated when the coal rock is about to fracture tends to be enhanced. The size of the electrical signal is not proportional to the size of the load, but the electrical signal is greatest when the rupture is imminent. The analysis of the influence factors of coal and rock electrical signals can provide a reference for the research on the generation mechanism of coal-rock electrical signals.

Geometric and kinematic parameters of vibrating knife in the development of cutting machines

The process of cutting with a blade is largely applied in agricultural equipment and is used to process raw materials with different physical and mechanical properties. Nonetheless, the functional relation between the kinematic parameters of a vibroblade and the crucial power parameters of the vibration processing has not yet been studied in great depth so far. This type of studies is essential to create databases for further investigation and design of novel cutting machinery or technologies to ensure effective processing of vibrocutting. Our objective was to obtain the power characteristics of vibrocutting through laboratory experiments [using the example of vibrocutting of common reed (Phragmites australis)] and define the combination of factors (i.e., vibration amplitude, frequency and the blade feeding speed) at the minimum cutting force. The following relation of the blade feeding speed (V) and vibration speed of the toothed blade (Vt) has been established as optimal kinematic regime: K≅0.004. Tests have indicated that use of toothed blades for vibrocutting of the raw products of plant origin offers a greater advantage over the blades with flat edges. An optimal cutting regime, when energy expenses are at a minimum, was ensured with the following parameters of the vibroblade: vibration amplitude: 14 mm, frequency: 33.32 s–1, the blade feeding speed: 7.5×10–3 m.

Closed-Form Solution of Adiabatic Particle Trajectories in Axis-Symmetric Magnetic Fields

The dynamics of a low-energy charged particle in an axis-symmetric magnetic field is known to be a regular superposition of periodic—although possibly incommensurate—motions. The projection of the particle orbit along the two non-ignorable coordinates (x,y) may be expressed in terms of each other: y=y(x), yet—to our knowledge—such a functional relation has never been directly produced in literature, but only by way of a detour: first, equations of motion are solved, yielding x=x(t),y=y(t), and then one of the two relations is inverted, x(t)→t(x). In this paper, we present a closed-form functional relation which allows us to express coordinates of the particle’s orbit without the need to pass through the hourly law of motion.

The functional relation between three-body mean motion resonances and Yarkovsky drift speeds

ABSTRACT We examined the motion of asteroids across the three-body mean motion resonances (MMRs) with Jupiter and Saturn and with the Yarkovsky drift speed in the semimajor axis of the asteroids. The research was conducted using numerical integrations performed using the Orbit9 integrator with 84 000 test asteroids. We calculated time delays, dtr, caused by the seven three-body MMRs on the mobility of test asteroids with 10 positive and 10 negative Yarkovsky drift speeds, which are reliable for Main Belt asteroids. Our final results considered only test asteroids that successfully crossed over the MMRs without close approaches to the planets. We have devised two equations that approximately describe the functional relation between the average time 〈dtr〉 spent in the resonance, the strength of the resonance SR, and the semimajor axis drift speed da/dt (positive and negative) with the orbital eccentricities of asteroids in the range (0, 0.1). Comparing the values of 〈dtr〉 obtained from the numerical integrations and from the derived functional relations, we analysed average values of 〈dtr〉 in all three-body MMRs for every da/dt. The main conclusion is that the analytical and numerical estimates of the average time 〈dtr〉 are in very good agreement, for both positive and negative da/dt. Finally, this study shows that the functional relation we obtain for three-body MMRs is analogous to that previously obtained for two-body MMRs.