Terminology and Classification of Congenital Vascular Malformations

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
B B Lee ◽  
J Laredo ◽  
T S Lee ◽  
S Huh ◽  
R Neville
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Venous Malformation ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Standard System ◽  
Congenital Vascular Malformation ◽  
Contemporary Management

Venous malformation (VM) is a congenital vascular malformation (CVM) that develops along the venous system through the various stages of embryogenesis. Older terminology and classification were often misleading and confusing. A newer classification system has emerged that is based on advances in the study of these conditions and is useful in contemporary management. The Hamburg classification was introduced after reappraisal of older terminology and has become the standard system for contemporary classification, which is based on anatomical, pathological and embryological criteria.

Congenital Vascular Malformations: General Diagnostic Principles

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
B B Lee ◽  
J Laredo ◽  
S J Lee ◽  
S H Huh ◽  
J H Joe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Venous Malformation ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Congenital Vascular Malformation ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Single Lesion

Venous malformation (VM) is the most common congenital vascular malformation (CVM), which usually presents as a single lesion in the majority of cases. It also presents as a mixed lesion combined with other CVMs (e.g. lymphatic malformation and arteriovenous malformation [AVM]). Therefore, the diagnosis of VM should include an appropriate work-up, to not only confirm and characterize the VM as either extratruncular or truncular but also to diagnose or exclude the presence of other CVMs. The diagnosis of VM can be made safely using non-invasive to minimally invasive studies, which can also distinguish VM from infantile haemangioma. Invasive studies, such as venography and arteriography, are generally reserved for therapeutic planning and diagnosis of more virulent CVMs (e.g. AVM). The work-up of VM should include a complete assessment of the extent and severity of the primary VM lesion. In addition, its embryologic origin, as well as its haemodynamic characteristics and secondary effects should also be determined.

A Rare Case: Primary Venous Malformation in Parietal Bone

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Serhat Yarar ◽  
Ilker Uyar ◽  
Mehmet Emin Cem Yildirim ◽  
Mehmet Dadacı ◽  
Bilsev Ince
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Venous Malformation ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Trichilemmal Cyst ◽  
Advancement Flaps ◽  
Rotation Advancement

Primary intraosseous vascular malformations (PIVMs) are rare intraosseous lesions, accounting for approximately 0.5–1% of all intraosseous tumours. In this case report, we aimed to present a rare case of intraosseous vascular malformation causing a large lytic area in the parietal bone. A 25-year-old male patient was admitted to the clinic with a mass on the parietal bone. On physical examination, it was observed that the hair density on the mass was decreased, the mass had a soft consistency, and there was no pain on palpation. The patient was operated under local anaesthesia with a provisional diagnosis of a trichilemmal cyst. However, intraoperative diagnosis was a vascular malformation. There was a 3-cm full-thickness defect on the parietal bone caused by the lesion. The mass was excised completely while preserving the integrity of the dura. The resulting defect was reconstructed with bilateral rotation advancement flaps. The calvarial defect was not reconstructed due to equipment inadequacy. No complications were encountered in the postoperative period. Ninety-three PIVM cases have been reported in the skull since 1845. In very few of these cases, the mass is located in the parietal bone. The pathogenesis of PIVMs is not completely understood. The definitive diagnosis is made by histopathological examination. The therapeutic gold standard is surgery. Surgeons should keep in mind that radiological examination before the operation could prevent undesirable complications.

scholarly journals Congenital vascular malformation associated with multiple cranial, vertebral and upper limb skeletal abnormalities

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. e18-e20 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Marsden ◽  
K Shokrollahi ◽  
K Maw ◽  
A Sierakowski ◽  
FA Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Skeletal Abnormalities ◽  
Congenital Vascular Malformation ◽  
Individual Traits

The association between congenital vascular malformations and altered bone growth, the so-called vascular bone syndrome, is well documented. Various eponymous syndromes each with their individual traits, such as Klippel–Trenaunay, Parkes–Weber and Servelle–Martorell syndrome have been described, along with variations. We report on a previously undescribed case of congenital vascular malformation associated with multiple skeletal abnormalities affecting the skull, vertebrae and right upper limb, and discuss the literature.

Venous-predominant parenchymal arteriovenous malformation: a rare subtype with a venous drainage pattern mimicking developmental venous anomaly

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1142-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Hyang Im ◽  
Moon Hee Han ◽  
Bae Ju Kwon ◽  
Jung Yong Ahn ◽  
Cheolkyu Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Developmental Venous Anomaly ◽  
Venous Anomaly ◽  
Arteriovenous Shunts

Object Considerable confusion exists in the literature regarding the classification of cerebrovascular malformations and their clinical significance. One example is provided by the atypical developmental venous anomaly (DVA) with arteriovenous shunt, because it remains controversial whether these lesions should be classified as DVAs or as atypical cases of other subtypes of cerebrovascular malformations. The purpose of this study was to clarify the classification of these challenging vascular lesions in an effort to suggest an appropriate diagnosis and management strategy. Methods The authors present a series of 15 patients with intracranial vascular malformations that were angiographically classified as atypical DVAs with arteriovenous shunts. This type of vascular malformation shows a fine arterial blush without a distinct nidus and early filling of dilated medullary veins that drain these arterial components during the arterial phase on angiography. Those prominent medullary veins converge toward an enlarged main draining vein, which together form the caput medusae appearance of a typical DVA. Results Based on clinical, angiographic, surgical, and histological findings, the authors propose classifying these vascular malformations as a subtype of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), rather than as a variant of DVA or as a combined vascular malformation. Conclusions Correct recognition of this AVM subtype is required for its proper management, and its clinical behavior appears to follow that of a typical AVM. Gamma Knife radiosurgery appears to be a good alternative to resection, although long-term follow-up results require verification.

scholarly journals The term “epilepsy in the elderly” is conceptually irrelevant and needs to be replaced by an etiology-driven classification system in the aging brain

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S26-S26
Author(s):  
B Pohlmann-Eden ◽  
CE Crocker ◽  
KT Legg ◽  
MH Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Epilepsy In The Elderly ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
New Onset

Objective: “Epilepsy in the elderly (EE)” is considered a homogeneous, benign syndrome in patients aged > 60 years, with cerebrovascular disease as the most frequent etiology. We challenge this concept by comparing EE and middle-aged adults with epilepsy (MAE). Methods: We compared: 1) seizure dynamics, 2) MRI lesions, 3) EEG findings and 4) treatment course in EE and MAE at the Halifax First Seizure Clinic. Results: 48 EE patients aged > 60.2 years (median 66.9 years). 31 MAE patients aged 50.2 – 59.6 years (median 55.1 years). Seizure dynamics in EE/MAE included first seizure in 50/54.8%, new onset epilepsy (new seizures within 12 months) in 43.8/35.5%, newly diagnosed epilepsy (seizures for >> 12 months) in 9.6/6.3%. First seizure evolved into new onset epilepsy in 12.5/3.2%. MRI in EE/MAE was normal in 22.5/27.6% or showed microangiopathy (25/38.5%), atrophy (10/15.4%), tumors (7.5/11.5%), vascular malformations (7.5/3.8%), hippocampal pathologies (0/3.8%), infarcts (12.5/0%). EEG in EE/MAE was normal in 64.4/65.5% or showed diffuse (6.6/3.5%) or focal slowing (8.8/7%), generalized (4.3/13.7%) or focal (15.4/10.4%) epileptiform activity. At 12 months, 87% of EE and 93.8% of MAE were seizure-free. Conclusions: EE and MAE show similar heterogeneity. We propose an etiology-driven classification of epilepsy syndromes in the aging brain.

Venous malformation and haemangioma: differential diagnosis, diagnosis, natural history and consequences

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 176-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
B B Lee
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Venous Malformation ◽  
Vascular Anomaly ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Congenital Vascular Malformation ◽  
Vascular Defect ◽  
Work Up

Venous malformation (VM) is the most common form of congenital vascular malformation (CVM). VM presents at birth as an inborn vascular defect and never disappears/regresses spontaneously through the rest of life; it will continue to grow slowly at a rate that is proportional to the growth rate of the body. Haemangioma is not a vascular malformation but one of the vascular tumours originating from the endothelial cells; it develops after birth mostly in the infantile/neonatal period with a distinctive growth cycle: a proliferation phase of early rapid growth followed by an involutional phase of slow regression. Although the vascular malformation and vascular tumour belong to the ‘vascular anomaly’ together, both conditions are fundamentally different not only in their anatomical, histological and pathophysiological findings but also in their clinical courses. Therefore, an appropriate differential diagnosis of the VM is mandated not only from other kinds of CVMs but also from ‘genuine’ haemangioma. Appropriate diagnosis and assessment of VMs can be made based on clinical presentation and a proper combination of basic non-invasive studies in general but the presence of a mixed lesion involving other types of CVM lesions and the type of VM lesion, extratruncular and truncular, will dictate the need for further work-up with additional non- to less-invasive study or angiography. Otherwise, angiography is usually reserved for therapeutic planning and treatment.

scholarly journals Orbital Lymphatic-Venous Malformation Accompanied by an Intraocular Vascular Malformation: A Rare Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Karny Shouchane-Blum ◽  
Iftach Yassur ◽  
Amir Sternfeld ◽  
Miriam Regev ◽  
Orly Gal-Or ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Venous Malformation ◽  
Female Infant ◽  
Venous Malformations ◽  
Venous Anomalies ◽  
Developmental Venous Anomalies ◽  
The Right

Lymphatic-venous malformations (LVMs) are development defects that result in abnormal connections between the lymphatic and venous systems. The authors describe a 7-weeks-old female infant who presented with a right orbital LVM extending to the ipsilateral cheek and subconjunctiva of the right eye, intracranial developmental venous anomalies in the right cerebellum, and a significant right eye intraocular retinal vascular malformation. Since orbital LVM is usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood, pediatric ophthalmologists should actively look for intraocular vascular malformations as such findings can poorly affect a patient’s vision.

scholarly journals UV Spectral Classification of B Stars

1985 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 411-413
Author(s):  
Janet Rountree ◽  
George Sonneborn ◽  
Robert J. Panek
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Early Type ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Early Type Stars ◽  
Comprehensive Classification

Previous studies of ultraviolet spectral classification have been insufficient to establish a comprehensive classification system for ultraviolet spectra of early-type stars because of inadequate spectral resolution. We have initiated a new study of ultraviolet spectral classification of B stars using high-dispersion IUE archival data. High-dispersion SWP spectra of MK standards and other B stars are retrieved from the IUE archives and numerically degraded to a uniform resolution of 0.25 or 0.50 Å. The spectra (in the form of plots or photowrites) are then visually examined with the aim of setting up a two-dimensional classification matrix. We follow the method used to create the MK classification system for visual spectra. The purpose of this work is to examine the applicability of the MK system (and in particular, the set of standard stars) in the ultraviolet, and to establish classification criteria in this spectral region.

Low-Flow Vascular Malformation Pitfalls: From Clinical Examination to Practical Imaging Evaluation—Part 2, Venous Malformation Mimickers

2016 ◽  
Vol 206 (5) ◽  
pp. 952-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Olivieri ◽  
Candace L. White ◽  
Ricardo Restrepo ◽  
Brett McKeon ◽  
S. Pinar Karakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Venous Malformation ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Imaging Evaluation
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