Effect of Contrast Media on Beta-Endorphin Secretion

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Harnish ◽  
J. Zuniga ◽  
F. K. Northington ◽  
P. A. Melrose ◽  
S. A. Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Cytodex 3 ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Internal Positive Control ◽  
Significant Release

The central nervous system may be highly susceptible to the toxic effects of contrast media (CM). Previous experiments demonstrated that vasopressin is released after the intravenous administration of CM. The present study examined the response of the opiocortin system to CM. Neurons of the rat basal hypothalamus, dispersed and attached to Cytodex-3 beads, were perfused with sodium diatrizoate, metrizamide or iohexol (3 mg iodine/ml). The effluent was collected, and the beta-endorphin (B-E) content was measured by a radioimmunoassay technique. Results, normalized to the internal positive control, were compared with release from normal saline (negative control) by analysis of variance. Diatrizoate and metrizamide caused significant release of B-E (p < 0.03). Iohexol did not stimulate release of B-E. These results suggest that diatrizoate and metrizamide, but not iohexol, can stimulate the release of hormones from hypothalamic neurons. The phenomenon may play a role in some reactions to intravascular CM administration since these neurons are not protected by a blood-brain barrier.

scholarly journals Provision of rapid and specific ex vivo diagnosis of central nervous system lymphoma from rodent xenograft biopsies by a fluorescent aptamer

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Georges ◽  
Xiaodong Qi ◽  
Xiaowei Liu ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Eric C. Woolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Molecular Probe ◽  
Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphoma Cells

OBJECTIVEDifferentiating central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma from other intracranial malignancies remains a clinical challenge in surgical neuro-oncology. Advances in clinical fluorescence imaging contrast agents and devices may mitigate this challenge. Aptamers are a class of nanomolecules engineered to bind cellular targets with antibody-like specificity in a fraction of the staining time. Here, the authors determine if immediate ex vivo fluorescence imaging with a lymphoma-specific aptamer can rapidly and specifically diagnose xenografted orthotopic human CNS lymphoma at the time of biopsy.METHODSThe authors synthesized a fluorescent CNS lymphoma-specific aptamer by conjugating a lymphoma-specific aptamer with Alexa Fluor 488 (TD05-488). They modified human U251 glioma cells and Ramos lymphoma cells with a lentivirus for constitutive expression of red fluorescent protein and implanted them intracranially into athymic nude mice. Three to 4 weeks postimplantation, acute slices (biopsies, n = 28) from the xenografts were collected, placed in aptamer solution, and imaged with a Zeiss fluorescence microscope. Three aptamer staining concentrations (0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 μM) and three staining times (5, 10, and 20 minutes) followed by a 1-minute wash were tested. A file of randomly selected images was distributed to neurosurgeons and neuropathologists, and their ability to distinguish CNS lymphoma from negative controls was assessed.RESULTSThe three staining times and concentrations of TD05-488 were tested to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CNS lymphoma within a frozen section time frame. An 11-minute staining protocol with 1.0-μM TD05-488 was most efficient, labeling 77% of positive control lymphoma cells and less than 1% of negative control glioma cells (p < 0.001). This protocol permitted clinicians to positively identify all positive control lymphoma images without misdiagnosing negative control images from astrocytoma and normal brain.CONCLUSIONSEx vivo fluorescence imaging is an emerging technique for generating rapid histopathological diagnoses. Ex vivo imaging with a novel aptamer-based fluorescent nanomolecule could provide an intraoperative tumor-specific diagnosis of CNS lymphoma within 11 minutes of biopsy. Neurosurgeons and neuropathologists interpreted images generated with this molecular probe with high sensitivity and specificity. Clinical application of TD05-488 may permit specific intraoperative diagnosis of CNS lymphoma in a fraction of the time required for antibody staining.

Alcune considerazioni sulla ecografia transfontanellare nell'approccio diagnostico delle malattie cerebrali del neonato e del lattante

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 215-216
Author(s):  
G. Vallone ◽  
V. Coppola ◽  
S. Gallo ◽  
V. Molese ◽  
A. Buonomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Transfontanellar ultrasonography is the first methodology in the study of the central nervous system of the newborn, especially if the baby is premature and the checked pathologic picture is influenced by the pregnancy age of the little patient, as intracerebral haemorhagic lesions and hypoxic ischaemic lesions are much more frequent in the premature. In case of diseases not correlated with the pregnancy age, as congenital anomalies, and endocranial infections, haemorhagic and neoplasms, transfontanelle ultrasonography also shows its undisputed utility. Transfontanellar ultrasonography with Color Doppler allows a further intensification of the investigation and the use of echographic contrast media will significantly help the vascular diagnosis.

Perfluoro Carbon Bromides as Contrast Media in Radiography of the Central Nervous System

1975 ◽  
Vol 16 (347_suppl) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Brahme ◽  
M. Sovak ◽  
H. Powell ◽  
D. M. Long
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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