Breast and Pectoralis Muscle Hypoplasia

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (3P2) ◽  
pp. 759-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Perez Aznar ◽  
J. Urbano ◽  
E. Garcia Laborda ◽  
P. Quevedo Moreno ◽  
L. Ferrer Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Breast Size ◽  
Pectoralis Muscle ◽  
Clinical Expression ◽  
Poland’S Syndrome ◽  
Poland's Syndrome

Purpose: Poland's syndrome is a congenital and unilateral aplasia of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM), with other anomalies of the ipsilateral upper extremity. We present 6 cases in which the only clinical expression was asymmetry of the breasts associated with partial absence of the PMM. Material and Methods: We reviewed 95000 mammograms (obtained 1985–1995) to find patients with asymmetrical breast size. Where the asymmetry could not be ascribed to any other cause, the patients were recalled for an examination of the PMM which was conducted at rest and with active contraction of the muscle. Results: Unilateral volume reduction of the PMM was found in 5 women of whom 2 were studied with MR. A 6th case was a fortuitous finding in a male patient. Conclusion: Mild forms of Poland's syndrome are more frequent than severe forms, and may go undiagnosed. Hypoplasia of one breast or a horizontal anterior axillary fold may be the sole clinical manifestation of this syndrome.

scholarly journals Poland’s syndrome: a rare case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma S. ◽  
Vijai R. ◽  
Chakarvarthy N.
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Poland’S Syndrome ◽  
Documented Case ◽  
Poland's Syndrome ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Congenital Condition

Poland’s syndrome is a rare congenital condition. It is classically characterized by absence of unilateral chest wall muscles and sometimes ipsilateral symbrachydactyly (abnormally short and webbed fingers). The condition typically presents with unilateral absence of the sternal or breast bone portion of the pectoralis major muscle which may or may not be associated with the absence of nearby musculoskeletal structures. We report a 25-year-old male patient with typical features of Poland’s syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of a patient with Poland’s syndrome reported from Chennai.

A variant of Poland’s syndrome: axillary web containing rudimentary pectoralis major muscle

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Ersen ◽  
Ramazan Kahveci ◽  
Mehmet can Saki ◽  
Ayse Sahin ◽  
Orhan Tunali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Poland’S Syndrome ◽  
Poland's Syndrome

Poland's Syndrome

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Mace ◽  
J.M. Kaplan ◽  
J.E. Schanberger ◽  
R.W. Gotlin
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Poland’S Syndrome ◽  
Poland's Syndrome

Seven cases of Poland's syndrome (absence of the sternal por tion of the pectoralis major with ipsilateral upper extremity anomalies) are compared with 48 previously reported cases.

scholarly journals Unilateral Four-Headed Pectoralis Muscle Major

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheed Bani Hammad ◽  
Adel Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Pectoralis Muscle ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Caucasian Male ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Long Head

A unilateral four-headed pectoralis major muscle was observed on the left side of an 83 year-old Caucasian male cadaver. The accessory tendon arises from the lateral aspect of the pectoralis major muscle, travels along with the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii and blends into the capsule of the shoulder joint. This anomaly is rare. A complete or partial absence of pectoralis major muscle is normally reported. Additionally, supernumerary heads of muscles other than pectoralis major have been documented. However, the existence of an accessory tendon to the pectoralis major muscle is unique. The implications of such a finding are discussed.

Computed Tomography of the Pectoralis Muscles in Poland's Syndrome.

HAND ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol os-15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suzuki ◽  
H. Takazawa ◽  
T. Koshino Yokohama
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Poland’S Syndrome ◽  
Pectoralis Minor ◽  
Poland's Syndrome ◽  
Pectoralis Muscles

Computed tomography (CT) can demonstrate disorders of the chest wall muscles clearly. CT scans of the thorax were carried out in seven patients with Poland's Syndrome. All patients with Poland's Syndrome had the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, but were lacking the sternocostal portion of the pectoralis major. The pectoralis minor was absent in four of seven patients.

Myoelectric Prostheses in the Management of Poland’s Syndrome

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DATTA ◽  
J. E. KINGSTON
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Poland’S Syndrome ◽  
Myoelectric Prosthesis ◽  
Myoelectric Prostheses ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Poland's Syndrome ◽  
Limb Deficiency

Two cases of Poland’s syndrome are reported in whom myoelectric prostheses have been used. The rare congenital sporadic disorder of Poland’s syndrome characterized by absence of pectoralis major and varying degrees of ipsilateral upper limb deficiency has been reported by various authors (Rasjad and Sutiaksa, 1991, Gausewitz et al, 1984; David, 1982; Ireland et al, 1976). Management of the upper limb deficiency depends on the degree of functional and cosmetic disability. We report two cases of Poland’s syndrome where myoelectric prostheses have been successfully used. We have been unable to find any published report of the use of a myoelectric prosthesis in Poland’s syndrome.

scholarly journals The pectoral-sternalis complex: an unusual case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 241-243
Author(s):  
M. Bala ◽  
D. Passi ◽  
S. Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Thoracic Wall ◽  
Pectoralis Muscle ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Unusual Case Report ◽  
Sternalis Muscle

AbstractA unilateral absence of sternocostal fibers of pectoralis major muscle with unilateral presence of sternalis muscle has been noticed in right side of an adult male cadaver during routine dissection. All slips of pectoralis major muscle as well sternalis muscle innervated by medial and lateral pectoral nerves. Absence of pectoralis major has been described extensively, both as an isolated anomaly, with varying levels of hypoplasia, and in association with congenital syndromes. But the partial hypoplasia of pectoralis muscle with compensatory presence of one of the rare muscle of anterior thoracic wall the sternalis muscle make this case as unique and rare. This finding adds to our existing knowledge for the origin of sternalis, an identity not explored fully yet. Awareness of anomalous pectoralis major musculature as well presence of sternalis muscle is important for reconstructive surgeons who perform mastectomy and for radiologists during interpretation of skiagrams.

scholarly journals Breast cancer abutting the pectoralis major muscle on breast MRI: what are the clinical implications?

2021 ◽  
pp. 20201202
Author(s):  
Kelly S Myers ◽  
Erica Stern ◽  
Emily B Ambinder ◽  
Eniola T Oluyemi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Imaging Feature ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Pectoralis Muscle ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Muscle Invasion

Objectives: Defining the posterior extent of breast cancer prior to surgery has clinical implications. However, there are limited data available to guide the interpretation of breast cancers seen on MRI that abut the pectoralis muscle but lack associated muscle enhancement. Methods: In this retrospective study of breast MRIs performed between May 2008 and July 2019, 43 female patients demonstrated breast cancers abutting the pectoralis muscle without enhancement of the muscle itself. Imaging features of the cancers as well as pathologic and clinical outcomes were recorded. Statistical analyses of associations between imaging findings and clinical outcomes were performed using Fisher’s exact test, logistic regression, a Mann–Whitney U test and/or Student’s t-test. Results: The pectoralis major muscle was pathologically invaded by carcinoma in 4/43 (9.3%). There was no significant association between pectoralis muscle invasion and any MR imaging feature of the breast cancer. Tumors causing deformation of the muscle contour by MRI, tumors larger in size, tumors with a larger extent abutting the muscle and tumors in which the imaging feature abutting the muscle was a mass or non-mass enhancement (rather than a spicule) were more commonly seen in patients with muscle invasion, although these did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, a lack of pectoralis muscle enhancement by MRI did not exclude pathologic muscle invasion by breast cancers abutting the muscle. Advances in knowledge: Knowledge of the likelihood of pectoralis muscle involvement for breast cancers abutting the pectoralis muscle on MRI may guide accurate interpretation and definition of the posterior extent of disease.

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