Scapular Dyskinesis in Elite Boxers with Neck Disability and Shoulder Malfunction

Background and Objectives: Neck and shoulder injuries commonly occur during boxing, and scapular dyskinesis is related to those injuries. This study investigated scapular dyskinesis with neck disability and shoulder malfunction in elite boxers. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two elite boxers participated in this study. Scapular dyskinesis was evaluated as normal, subtle, and obvious. Neck disability index (NDI), shoulder internal (IR), and external (ER) range of motion (ROM), isometric strength of IR and ER, and pectoralis minor length were measured and compared with the severity of scapular dyskinesis. Results: Thirty-eight boxers (52.7%) showed scapular dyskinesis. NDI score was significantly different (normal = 3.89 ± 3.08, obvious = 7.36 ± 4.95, p = 0.025). Isometric IR strength was significantly different (normal = 10.48 ± 2.86, obvious = 8.46 ± 1.74, p = 0.01). The length of the pectoralis minor was significantly different (normal = 10.17 ± 0.67, subtle = 9.87 ± 0.79, obvious = 9.47 ± 0.85; p = 0.001), and the dominant and non-dominant arm IR ROM was significantly different (dominant = 57.43 ± 11.98, non-dominant = 64.62 ± 10.3, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of scapular dyskinesis is high among elite boxers. Boxers with scapular dyskinesis presented shoulder malfunction as well as neck disability. Further investigation is necessary to examine the relationship between scapular dyskinesis and neck disability in boxers.

Vascular pectoralis minor syndrome as an overlooked condition: A case report

Thoracic outlet syndrome is characterized by pain, paresthesia, muscle weakness, and arterial/venous symptoms caused by compression of the neurovascular structures. Compression mainly occurs at three distinct areas in the thoracic outlet: the retropectoralis minor space, the costoclavicular space, and the interscalene triangle. As the symptoms of these three compression sites are very similar, it is difficult to pinpoint the location of the compression and the treatment methods are quite different. Ultrasound-guided diagnostic injections play an important role in the differential diagnosis. Herein, we report a 49-year-old female patient who was previously diagnosed with thoracic outlet syndrome and scheduled for decompression of cervical ribs, but cured by conservative methods after being diagnosed with pectoralis minor syndrome.

INFLUENCE OF PIK-ANTISTRESS FODDER ADDITIVE ON THE CONTENT OF MACROELEMENTS IN BLOOD AND TISSUE OF BROILER CHICKENS OF INDUSTRIAL GROWING

Growth and development of broiler chickens with intensive fattening, especially in the finishing period, reaches a peak in intensity. Under conditions of technological stress, mineral metabolism takes an active part in the development of the adaptation syndrome. Feeding the bird with a stress protector at a dose of 1269 g / t of feed led to a statistically significant increase in the ash content of the pectoralis minor, serum calcium, magnesium in the bone tissue and a decrease in phosphorus in the pectoralis minor; at a dose of 1693 g / t of feed, it significantly increased the ash content of the skin, the content of calcium in the blood, magnesium in the bone tissue, and reduced the level of phosphorus in the femoral muscles.