Uroangiographic Contrast Media-Induced Nephropathy: Correlations between Their Physicochemical Properties and Renal Damage

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-456
Author(s):  
C. Alberti ◽  
M. Piovano ◽  
A. Tizzani

Contrast media-induced nephropathy (CN) is an important cause of hospital-acquired acute renal failure. Patients with both diabetes mellitus and renal impairment are at high risk. CN pathophysiology involves activation of the tubulo-glomerular feedback and vasoactive mediators such as renin-angiotensin 2, endothelin, adenosine, ADH, etc. The risk of CN can be minimized by the use of non-ionic, low or isoosmolar, contrast material, adequate hydration and prophylactic pharmacological measures. In patients with chronic renal failure who are undergoing arteriography (e.g. coronary angiography and angioplasty), periprocedural hemofiltration appears effective in preventing further renal damage due to contrast agents.

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
Tatjana Djurdjevic-Mirkovic ◽  
Slobodan Curic ◽  
Slavenka Vodopivec ◽  
Igor Mitic ◽  
Dusan Bozic ◽  
...  

Introduction Hospital-acquired acute renal failure increased in the last years from about 5 to 6.4%, while mortality remained high and according to newest investigations it is about 60% on average. Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy is the third cause of death in hospital-acquired acute renal failure. Risk factors for radiocontrast-induced nephropathy Risk factors for radiocontrast-induced nephropathy include: the existing kidney disease diabetes, dehydratation, multiple myeloma, older age and earlier kidney damage by contrast substances. Course of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy The clinical course of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy may manifest from asymptomatic picture to development of oliguric form of acute renal failure. Prevention and treatment modalities of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy Modalities of prevention and treatment of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy are as follows: adequate hydration of patients, appropriate application of diuretics, calcium channel blockers nonionizing radiocontrast and preventive haemodialysis. Experimental studies in prevention and treatment of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy Experimental studies indicate application of atrial natriuretic peptide, endothelin, prostaglandin. Case review Two patients treated at the Clinic for Nephrology and Clinical Immunology in Novi Sad, presented with radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. In one patient it appeared after panaortography and in the second after computerized tomography of the abdomen. In both cases aggravation occurred due to already existing renal failure caused by radiocontrast substances. Conclusion The problem is particularly important because there is a large number of patients in whom there is a risk of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy and it is necessary to carry out adequate prophylaxis and accurate assessment of kidney function before application of radiocontrast substances.


1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang Der Shieh ◽  
Sondra R. Hirsch ◽  
Burris R. Boshell ◽  
Jorge A. Pino ◽  
Larry J. Alexander ◽  
...  

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1275-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Pflueger ◽  
Timothy S. Larson ◽  
Karl A. Nath ◽  
Bernard F. King ◽  
Jennifer M. Gross ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-128
Author(s):  
B. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
J. Geddes ◽  
M. Fisher

We report diagnostic difficulties in a case of diabetes mellitus presenting as acute on chronic renal failure with normoglycaemia. A renal biopsy indicated diabetic nephropathy; she developed hyperglycaemia following the institution of haemodialysis. It is important to remember that diabetic patients may have normal blood glucose concentrations in renal failure. In a patient with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus presenting with acute on chronic renal failure, choice of diagnostic biochemical test for diabetes may be difficult.


Author(s):  
Р.И. Айзман ◽  
А.П. Козлова ◽  
Е.И. Гордеева ◽  
М.С. Головин ◽  
Г.А. Корощенко ◽  
...  

Цель - исследование влияния куркумы длинной и галеги восточной на осмо- и ионорегулирующую функции почек крыс при аллоксан-индуцированном сахарном диабете и острой почечной недостаточности в эксперименте. Методика. Эксперименты выполнены на самцах крыс Wistar (n=70) с моделью сахарного диабета (1-я серия) и острой почечной недостаточности (2-я серия). В обеих сериях животные были поделены на 3 группы: крыс 1-й группы содержали на стандартном корме, крысам остальных групп в корм добавляли куркуму (2-я группа) или галегу (3-я группа) (2% от массы корма). На 7-е сут эксперимента проводили исследование диуретической и ионоуретической функций почек натощак и после 5% водной нагрузки. Концентрацию ионов в моче и плазме определяли методом пламенной фотометрии; осмотическую концентрацию биологических жидкостей - методом криоскопии; биохимические показатели крови - колориметрическим методом. Результаты. У животных с сахарным диабетом фоновый диурез, а также экскреция натрия и калия были статистически значимо выше, чем у контрольных животных. При острой почечной недостаточности наблюдался более низкий уровень диуреза и ионоуреза, особенно после водной нагрузки. Прием куркумы и галеги вызывал улучшение осмо- и ионорегулирующей функции почек у крыс с сахарным диабетом, и практически не влиял на эти функции почек при острой почечной недостаточности. Заключение. При сахарном диабете оба фитопрепарата вызывали понижение концентрации глюкозы, креатинина, мочевины и улучшение ионно-осмотических показателей плазмы крови, при этом эффект куркумы был выражен отчетливее. При острой почечной недостаточности эти фитопрепараты не давали описанного эффекта. Aim. To study effects of the phytomedicines, Curcuma longa and Galega orientalis, on osmosis- and ion-regulating renal functions in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) and acute renal failure (ARF). Methods. Experiments were performed in two series on Wistar male rats (n=70) with modeled diabetes mellitus (series 1) and acute renal failure (series 2). In each series, the animals were divided into 3 groups, 1) rats of group 1 receiving a standard diet; 2) rats of groups 2 and 3 receiving a standard diet supplemented with turmeric or galega (2% of food weight), respectively. On the 7th day of the experiment, the diuretic and ionuretic renal function was studied in fasting state and after 5% water loading. Concentrations of ions in urine and plasma were determined by flame photometry; osmotic concentrations of biological fluids were measured by cryoscopy; blood biochemical parameters were measured by colorimetry. Results. In diabetic rats, background diuresis and sodium and potassium excretion were significantly higher than in the control animals. In rats with acute renal failure, diuresis and ionuresis were significantly lower, particularly after the water loading. Turmeric and galega supplementation improved the osmotic and ion-regulating renal function in diabetic rats and left practically unchanged these functions in rats with acute renal failure. Conclusion. In rats with diabetes mellitus, both herbal remedies reduced concentrations of glucose, creatinine, and urea and improved ion-osmotic parameters of blood plasma with a more pronounced effect of turmeric. In acute renal failure, these phytomedicines did not produce the described effects.


Author(s):  
Mehmet Harman ◽  
Sema Aytekin ◽  
Sedat Akdeniz ◽  
Mehmet Derici

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbro Spångberg-Viklund ◽  
Tomas Nikonoff ◽  
Marc Lundberg ◽  
Rutger Larsson ◽  
Tommy Skau ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
You Son Chong ◽  
Seung Won Ahn ◽  
Myeung Nam Kim ◽  
Byung In Ro ◽  
Kye Yong Song

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document