Gender Disparity in Travel Demand Management of University Students and Employees

2020 ◽  
pp. 0739456X2093419
Author(s):  
Sumei Zhang ◽  
Yanmei Li ◽  
Emmanuel Frimpong Boamah ◽  
Justin Mog
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
University Employees ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
University Of Louisville ◽  
Parking Permits ◽  
The University

The Earn-a-Bike (EAB) program is a travel demand management (TDM) effort at the University of Louisville. It provides a $400 bike shop voucher for students and university employees to forgo their parking permits for two years. This research explores this program to answer three questions: Does gender affect people’s willingness to participate in a TDM program such as the EAB? Does gender have different impacts on population segments at different life stages? How does a suburbanized spatial structure interact with gender and affect people’s willingness to participate in the EAB program? The findings suggest that females are generally less willing to participate in the EAB program. However, when the student and faculty/staff populations are separated, this gender effect became insignificant for the student population, but became stronger for the faculty/staff population. Furthermore, females in suburban areas are less likely than males to participate in the program.

Linking Residential Parking to Automobile Transportation Impact Outcomes at a Development Level

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812096479
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Currans ◽  
Gabriella Abou-Zeid ◽  
Nicole Iroz-Elardo
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Alternative Mode ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Automobile Demand

Although there exists a well-studied relationship between parking policies and automobile demand, conventional practices evaluating the transportation impacts of new land development tend to ignore this. In this paper, we: (a) explore literature linking parking policies and vehicle use (including vehicle trip generation, vehicle miles traveled [VMT], and trip length) through the lens of development-level evaluations (e.g., transportation impact analyses [TIA]); (b) develop a conceptual map linking development-level parking characteristics and vehicle use outcomes based on previously supported theory and frameworks; and (c) evaluate and discuss the conventional approach to identify the steps needed to operationalize this link, specifically for residential development. Our findings indicate a significant and noteworthy dearth of studies incorporating parking constraints into travel behavior studies—including, but not limited to: parking supply, costs or pricing, and travel demand management strategies such as the impacts of (un)bundled parking in housing costs. Disregarding parking in TIAs ignores a significant indicator in automobile use. Further, unconstrained parking may encourage increases in car ownership, vehicle trips, and VMT in areas with robust alternative-mode networks and accessibility, thus creating greater demand for vehicle travel than would otherwise occur. The conceptual map offers a means for operationalizing the links between: the built environment; socio-economic and demographic characteristics; fixed and variable travel costs; and vehicle use. Implications for practice and future research are explored.

Estimating Price and Service Elasticity of Urban Transportation Demand with Stated Preference Technique: Case in Korea

2003 ◽  
Vol 1839 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungwon Lee ◽  
Yeong Heok Lee ◽  
Jee Hyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Parameter Estimate ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Transportation Demand ◽  
Car Travel

Price and service elasticities of passenger car travel are estimated using stated preference and sample enumeration methodology. Moreover, the effects of hypothetical travel demand management policies are analyzed by changes on modal share using the elasticity estimates. The elasticity of passenger car travel with fuel price is estimated to be within the range of −0.078 to −0.171. The parameter estimate of the fare variable is estimated to be statistically insignificant in every subgroup of car users. This finding suggests that fare policies are relatively ineffective for increasing transit modal shares in Korea. Meanwhile, car users' responsiveness to changes in parking costs is estimated to be much higher than for fuel cost. This suggests that parking regulations or pricing policies may be effective in reducing travel by passenger car. The elasticity with in-vehicle time, which is a key attribute of public transport amenities, is estimated to be particularly high, implying that policy measures such as introducing express buses or express urban trains could be effective in reducing passenger car travel. The demand elasticity of service levels of mass transit represented by the degree-of-crowdedness proxy turns out to be very high. Reducing crowdedness in public transit can be very effective in attracting more passengers, or at least in retaining current patronage.

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