Austistic Spectrum Disorders: Clinical Presentation in Preschool Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S48-S56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
The Core ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Core Symptoms

It is well recognized that children with "autistic features" constitute a very heterogeneous population. There is a growing consensus that the core symptoms seen in autism include deficits in: (1) social/affective/behavioral functions, (2) developmental language disorders with concomitant deficits in interpersonal communication, and (3) play/preferred activities/ preoccupations which have a repetitive or stereotypic quality. The definition of the boundaries of "autism" as opposed to other related pervasive developmental disorders is widely debated among clinicians and research investigators alike. In the present paper, it is argued that autism is a cover term for a spectrum disorder with similarities and differences in the clinical presentation of preschool children. A model for subtyping the autistic spectrum disorders is suggested. (J Child Neurol 1988;3(Suppl):S48-S56).

Disorder-specific alterations of tactile sensitivity in neurodevelopmental disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason He ◽  
Ericka Wodka ◽  
Mark Tommerdahl ◽  
Richard Edden ◽  
Mark Mikkelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Core ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Tactile Detection ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sensory Processes ◽  
Core Symptoms

Alterations of tactile processing have long been identified in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the extent to which these alterations are disorder-specific, rather than disorder-general, and how they relate to the core symptoms of each disorder, remains unclear. We measured and compared tactile detection, discrimination and order judgment thresholds between a large sample of children with ASD, ADHD, ASD + ADHD combined and typically developing controls. The pattern of results suggested that while difficulties with tactile detection and order judgement were more common in children with ADHD, difficulties with tactile discrimination were more common in children with ASD. Strikingly, subsequent correlation analyses found that the disorder-specific alterations suggested by the group comparisons were also exclusively related to the core symptoms of each respective disorder. These results suggest that disorder-specific alterations of lower-level sensory processes exist and are specifically related to higher-level clinical symptoms of each disorder.

Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Pediatric Psychiatric Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise B. Robinson ◽  
Benjamin M. Neale ◽  
Mark J. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
Definition Of

Pediatric psychiatric conditions are rising in estimated prevalence, and these disorders place an enormous burden on parents, educators, and the health care system. This rise in prevalence likely contains elements of diagnostic changes, greater awareness of these disorders, and true changes in incidence. It has been estimated that there is nearly a 50% lifetime childhood prevalence of one or more mood, anxiety, or behavioral disorders (excluding eating and substance abuse disorders) and that more than 20% of children meet the definition of severe impairment. This chapter focuses on epidemiology, heritability, and implied genetic architecture in representative pediatric neuropsychiatric conditions. We consider five major diagnostic categories and highlight major diagnosis within each, specifically, intellectual disability, pervasive developmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder [ASD]), hyperactive and inattentive behavior (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders (TD) (which includes Tourette Syndrome [TS] and other chronic tic disorders).

scholarly journals Current Approaches to Differential Diagnostics of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Similar Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Elena A. Chereneva ◽  
Irina Ya. Stoyanova ◽  
Olga L. Belyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Stereotyped Behavior ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorders ASD is a group of pervasive developmental disorders, manifested mainly through the lack of ability to social interaction, communication disruption and stereotyped behavior. Despite of generally recognized practical and theoretical significance of studying the mechanisms of formation, it still has got little attention. The article represents some approaches to differential diagnosis of autism and similar conditions. The authors make an attempt to find out the main reasons for such sharp increase in the number of patients suffering from this disease. The article aims analysis of existing research and contains the results of complex diagnostics and the mechanisms of disorders formation. In solving the problem of ASD formation mechanisms, clinical data, medical history data, genetic confounding factors and course of prenatal, natal and postnatal periods are used. In their findings, the authors develop the technology for ASD and similar conditions differential diagnostics; diagnostic markers and algorithm for the development of psychological and pedagogical treatment programs are suggested

scholarly journals Persistent picky eating predicts pervasive developmental disorders in children

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Normal Phase ◽  
Food Refusal ◽  
Picky Eating

Picky eating — characterized by food refusal, unwillingness to try new foods or eating a limited variety of foods — affects 14-50% preschool children and is often considered by clinicians as a normal phase of child development.

scholarly journals Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Are These Disorders One and the Same?

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Tateno ◽  
Saya Kikuchi ◽  
Kumi Uehara ◽  
Kyoko Fukita ◽  
Naoki Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Parkinsonism and dysautonomia with anti-CV2/CRMP5 associated paraneoplastic neurological syndromes mimicking multiple system atrophy: a case report

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Song ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yue Lang ◽  
Yi-Heng Wang ◽  
Jie Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple System Atrophy ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes ◽  
Onconeural Antibodies ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Symptom ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Core Symptoms

Abstract Background Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) are broad-spectrum disorders that can affect any part of the nervous system varying in core symptoms. Onconeural antibodies, including Hu, Yo, Ri, anti-CV2, amphiphysin, Ma2, and Tr are well-characterized and commonly used for the diagnosis of definite PNS. Generally, anti-CV2 antibodies have usually been associated with cerebellar ataxia, chorea, peripheral and autonomic neuropathies, myelopathy, optic neuritis, and retinitis. However, Parkinsonism has not been reported as the core symptom in patients with anti-CV2 antibodies. Case presentation We report a patient with anti-CV2 antibody manifested as Parkinsonism and autonomic dysfunction, which may lead to the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy with predominant Parkinsonism (MSA-P). A lumbar puncture examination was undergone to find a positive anti-CV2 antibody in cerebrospinal fluid. PET-CT showed no tumor. Immunotherapy was adopted and the symptoms were relieved for 5 months. However, with no evidence of tumor, he died after 8 months. Conclusions Our findings indicate that PNS with anti-CV2 antibody can be shown as MSA-P mimic. Considering that MSA is a neurodegenerative disease with a poor prognosis, screening for other treatable or controllable factors like PNS presented in this case is necessary when encountering a rapid progressive MSA-mimic patient.

Handling the Psychological Distress of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders:

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Indiramma V ◽  
Seema P Uthaman ◽  
Shoba Srinath
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorders are pervasive developmental disorders affecting many children today. Parenting a child with special needs, such as children with autism, is very taxing, as they need intensive and life-long intervention in diverse areas. This paper is an attempt to assess the need of those parents of children with autism and to develop an intervention programme to take care of the psychosocial issues. The study had two phases. In the first phase 120 parents of children with autism spectrum disorders were interviewed using a semi structured interview schedule and GHQ 28. In the second phase,   an intervention module was prepared and implemented with 20 parents. The results show that the mean psychological distress was significantly higher for mothers compared to fathers. The scores on subscales show that mothers have higher level of somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and depression compared to fathers. The pre and post analysis of the group intervention shows that there is a drop in the level of distress and increase in the awareness on child’s illness in parents after the group intervention. The findings show that addressing parental needs in a group setting can be very effective and beneficial in helping parents reduce their distress levels and hence making them better equipped to look after their child with a disability like autism. Keywords: Autism, parent intervention module, psychological distress, group work

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