Negotiating Motherhood: Variations of Maternal Identities among Women in the Illegal Drug Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Grundetjern
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
Hard Drug ◽  
Gender Performances ◽  
Drug Economy ◽  
Relevant Factors

This study examines negotiations of motherhood among women in the illegal hard drug economy in Norway. Based on interviews with mothers who are users and dealers, this study analyzes four predominant maternal identities: grieving mothers, detached mothers, motherly dealers, and working mothers. Particularly relevant factors explaining variations in maternal identities include the timing of pregnancy, time spent with children, control over drug use, and place in the drug market hierarchy. By revealing patterns of intra-group variations by gender performances and work situation, the study expands upon previous work on how mothers who are structurally disadvantaged negotiate motherhood ideals.

scholarly journals Pyrrolidinyl Synthetic Cathinones α-PHP and 4F-α-PVP Metabolite Profiling Using Human Hepatocyte Incubations

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Jeremy Carlier ◽  
Xingxing Diao ◽  
Raffaele Giorgetti ◽  
Francesco P. Busardò ◽  
Marilyn A. Huestis
Keyword(s):  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Human Hepatocyte ◽  
Synthetic Cathinones ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Analytical Standards

For more than ten years, new synthetic cathinones (SCs) mimicking the effects of controlled cocaine-like stimulants have flooded the illegal drug market, causing numerous intoxications and fatalities. There are often no data on the pharmacokinetics of these substances when they first emerge onto the market. However, the detection of SC metabolites is often critical in order to prove consumption in clinical and forensic settings. In this research, the metabolite profile of two pyrrolidinyl SCs, α-pyrrolidinohexaphenone (α-PHP) and 4′′-fluoro-α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (4F-α-PVP), were characterized to identify optimal intake markers. Experiments were conducted using pooled human hepatocyte incubations followed by liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and data-mining software. We suggest α-PHP dihydroxy-pyrrolidinyl, α-PHP hexanol, α-PHP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl-hexanol, and α-PHP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl as markers of α-PHP use, and 4F-α-PVP dihydroxy-pyrrolidinyl, 4F-α-PVP hexanol, 4F-α-PVP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl-hexanol, and 4F-α-PVP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl as markers of 4F-α-PVP use. These results represent the first data available on 4F-α-PVP metabolism. The metabolic fate of α-PHP was previously studied using human liver microsomes and urine samples from α-PHP users. We identified an additional major metabolite (α-PHP dihydroxy-pyrrolidinyl) that might be crucial for documenting exposure to α-PHP. Further experiments with suitable analytical standards, which are yet to be synthesized, and authentic specimens should be conducted to confirm these results.

Illegal drug use

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-240
Author(s):  
Richard Rogers ◽  
James L. Cavanaugh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Illegal Drug Use

Is there fentanyl contamination in the Australian illicit drug market?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Voce ◽  
Tom Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
The Past

This research investigates fentanyl use among police detainees participating in the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia program. Three percent of respondents tested positive to fentanyl and/or norfentanyl during urinalysis, and 11 percent reported lifetime fentanyl use. Nonprescribed fentanyl use was associated with use of and dependence on other drugs in the past 12 months. Three percent of all detainees believed they had used an illicit substance mixed with fentanyl. No detainees who tested positive to fentanyl reported using the drug in the past 12 months. These findings suggest fentanyl contamination may be occurring in the Australian illicit drug market.

scholarly journals Contribution of Illicit/Non-Prescribed Marijuana and Hard-Drug Use to Child-Abuse and Neglect Potential while Considering Social Desirability

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Donohue ◽  
Christopher P Plant ◽  
Graig Chow ◽  
Kimberly Schubert ◽  
Kelsey Bradshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Hard Drug ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Accumulated Number of Role Transitions and Hard Drug Use among Hispanic Emerging Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon-Patrick Allem ◽  
Daniel Soto ◽  
Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati ◽  
Jennifer Unger
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Hard Drug ◽  
Role Transitions ◽  
The Relationship
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