Associations Between Peer Functioning and Verbal Ability Among Children With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amori Yee Mikami ◽  
Lisa Pauline Münch ◽  
Kristen L. Hudec
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Parent Ratings ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Social Skills Rating System ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
And Gender

We examined the extent to which children’s skilled understanding and production of appropriate language (verbal ability) may relate to their peer functioning. Participants included two independent samples of children with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; Study 1, N = 124; Study 2, N = 137) who were administered a standardized intelligence test to generate verbal ability scores. Teacher ratings on the Cooperation and Assertion subscales of the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS), teacher estimates of peer acceptance, parent ratings of conflict and disengagement on playdates, and peer sociometric ratings of liking were obtained. In both Study 1 and Study 2, after statistical control of ADHD diagnostic status, disruptive behavior comorbidities, and gender, higher verbal ability was associated with better peer functioning on the teacher-reported SSRS subscales and parent ratings of conflict and disengagement on playdates. In Study 2, interaction effects suggested that the positive association between verbal ability and good peer functioning existed for boys but not for girls. For children with ADHD (but not comparison children), better verbal ability was associated with higher teacher-reported peer acceptance but lower peer sociometric liking. Implications of these findings for conceptualization of peer problems, assessment, and intervention are discussed.

scholarly journals Childhood atopic dermatitis as a precursor for developing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 205873842096290
Author(s):  
Yang-chun Xu ◽  
Jin-peng Wang ◽  
Wen-jing Zhu ◽  
Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin disease characterized by chronic inflammatory condition that shows hallmark presentations in terms of sleep disturbances, pruritus, and psychological stress, and an association with increased attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) risk. A number of studies have suggested for the co-occurrence of the two diseased conditions. In terms of global prevalence, AD and ADHD almost exhibit a parallel increment according to epidemiological data. In addition, recent reports indicate AD to show a temporal association with later onset of ADHD. Although several studies suggest for the potential link between AD and ADHD, currently there is no definitive answer to this regard. Furthermore, epidemiological evidence of co-occurrence does not ascertain a pathophysiological link between the two conditions. The pathophysiological basis behind the association of AD and ADHD also remain poorly elucidated. The objective of this review is to present an extensive account of AD and associated comorbidities with a special attention toward ADHD as well as to elaborate on the mechanisms underlying their association. The review can provide healthcare providers with the recent updates on AD-ADHD association and help them while dealing with such patients. In general, AD and ADHD show a positive association in majority of the cross-sectional studies. However, large longitudinal studies are required to draw any conclusion on the temporal nature of such association.

scholarly journals Associations of Food Allergy and Other Allergic Conditions with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in US Children (P16-032-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guifeng Xu ◽  
Buyun Liu ◽  
Wei Bao ◽  
Guifeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Respiratory Allergy ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Skin Allergy ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Us Children

Abstract Objectives Association between allergic conditions and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is still debated. Although there are several studies confirmed associations between ADHD and allergic rhinitis and asthma, little is known about the association between food allergy and ADHD. We examined the association of food allergy and other allergic conditions with ADHD in US children. Methods We analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative annual survey of US population. We included 192,349 children aged 4–17 years old among NHIS participants from 1997 to 2017. Food allergy, respiratory allergy, skin allergy, and ADHD was defined based on an affirmative response in the questionnaire. Logistic regression with sample weights was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of ADHD. Results The prevalence of ADHD was higher among children with allergic conditions: 12.64% versus 7.98% among children with and without food allergy (P < 0.001); 12.17% versus 7.62% among children with and without respiratory allergy; and 11.42% versus 7.8% among children with and without skin allergy. After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, family highest education level, family income level, geographical region, and mutually for other allergic conditions, the OR of ADHD was 1.52 (1.38–1.69) (P < 0.001) among children with versus without food allergy, 1.42 (1.34–1.50) (P < 0.001) among children with versus without respiratory allergy, and 1.57 (1.48–1.68) (P < 0.001) among children with versus without skin allergy. Conclusions In a nationally representative sample of US children, we found a significant and positive association of common allergic conditions, in particular food allergy, with ADHD. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Disruptions of working memory and inhibition mediate the association between exposure to institutionalization and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tibu ◽  
M. A. Sheridan ◽  
K. A. McLaughlin ◽  
C. A. Nelson ◽  
N. A. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Early Deprivation ◽  
Institutionalized Children ◽  
Memory Response ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundYoung children raised in institutions are exposed to extreme psychosocial deprivation that is associated with elevated risk for psychopathology and other adverse developmental outcomes. The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is particularly high in previously institutionalized children, yet the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. We investigated whether deficits in executive functioning (EF) explain the link between institutionalization and ADHD.MethodA sample of 136 children (aged 6–30 months) was recruited from institutions in Bucharest, Romania, and 72 never institutionalized community children matched for age and gender were recruited through general practitioners’ offices. At 8 years of age, children's performance on a number of EF components (working memory, response inhibition and planning) was evaluated. Teachers completed the Health and Behavior Questionnaire, which assesses two core features of ADHD, inattention and impulsivity.ResultsChildren with history of institutionalization had higher inattention and impulsivity than community controls, and exhibited worse performance on working memory, response inhibition and planning tasks. Lower performances on working memory and response inhibition, but not planning, partially mediated the association between early institutionalization and inattention and impulsivity symptom scales at age 8 years.ConclusionsInstitutionalization was associated with decreased EF performance and increased ADHD symptoms. Deficits in working memory and response inhibition were specific mechanisms leading to ADHD in previously institutionalized children. These findings suggest that interventions that foster the development of EF might reduce risk for psychiatric problems in children exposed to early deprivation.

scholarly journals Effects Of Socio-Economic Characteristics On The Medication Of Children For Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Walter O. Simmons ◽  
Rosemarie Emanuele
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
And Gender

The diagnosis and medication of the illness known as Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been shown to exhibit patterns unexpected from a medical condition that is randomly distributed throughout the population. This research uses new data to show statistically significant relationships between the medication of children for ADHD and several socio-economic characteristics. Most alarming is the fact that the significant relationships between medication and race and gender are robust, even when other socioeconomic characteristics are controlled for.

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