Operator Monitoring during Normal Operations: Vigilance or Problem-Solving?

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie M. Roth ◽  
Randall J. Mumaw ◽  
Kim J. Vicente ◽  
Catherine M. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Emergency Operations ◽  
Plant Operator ◽  
Attention Process ◽  
Power Plant Operator

Monitoring during emergencies in dynamic environments is widely recognized to be an active, selective attention, process. In contrast monitoring during normal operations is often thought to more closely resemble a vigilance task. This paper describes a field study of power plant operator monitor during normal operations. We observed and interviewed 27 operators at two different plants for a total of over 200 hours. Despite differences in control room technology, we found that in both cases operators devised active strategies to remove or reduce meaningless changes from the interface, create information different from that intended by the designers, and make important information more salient. These findings were integrated into a model of operator monitoring, that emphasizes operators' use of strategies for knowledge-driven monitoring and proactive adaptation of the control room interface. The model is equally applicable for normal and emergency operations and underscores the commonality in cognitive demands in both environments.

scholarly journals Short-Term Bidding Strategy for a Price-Maker Virtual Power Plant Based on Interval Optimization

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3662
Author(s):  
Jiakai Hu ◽  
Chuanwen Jiang ◽  
Yangyang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Interval Optimization ◽  
Equilibrium Constraints ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Interval Numbers ◽  
Virtual Power Plant ◽  
Plant Operator ◽  
Bidding Price ◽  
Power Plant Operator

A virtual power plant is proposed to aggregate various distributed renewable resources with controllable resources to overcome the uncertainty and volatility of the renewables so as to improve market involvement. As the virtual power plant capacity becomes remarkable, it behaves as a strategic price maker rather than price taker in the market for higher profit. In this work, a two-stage bi-level bidding and scheduling model is proposed to study the virtual power plant strategic behaviors as a price maker. A mathematical problem with an equilibrium constraints-based method is applied to solve the problem by transforming the two level problem into a single level multi-integer linear problem. Considering the deficiency of computational burden and implausible assumptions of conventional stochastic optimization, we introduce interval numbers to represent the predicted output of uncertainty resources in a real-time stage. The pessimism degree-based method is utilized to order the preferences of profit intervals and tradeoff between expected profit and uncertainty. An imbalance cost mitigation mechanism is proposed in this pessimism degree-based interval optimization manner. Results show that the bidding price directly affects the cleared day ahead of the locational marginal price for higher profit. Interior conventional generators, energy storage and interruptible loads are comprehensively optimized to cover potential power shortage or profit from market. Moreover, controllable resources can decrease or even wipe out the uncertainty through the imbalance cost mitigation mechanism when the negative deviation charge is high. Finally, a sensitivity analysis reveals the effect of interval parameter setting upon optimization results. Moreover, a virtual power plant operator with a higher pessimism degree pursues higher profit with higher uncertainty.

Effects of Wetness in Steam Turbines

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (12) ◽  
pp. 1301-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Hesketh ◽  
P J Walker
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Engineering Science ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Plant Operator ◽  
Power Plant Operator ◽  
General Practices ◽  
The Subject

Courses in mechanical engineering usually introduce the theory of axial-flow turbo-machines in terms of simple velocity triangles representing the bulk flow of ideal compressible fluid through the blade passages. A distinctive practical difference, peculiar to steam turbines (ST), is the presence of liquid-water in the flow field. The steam wetness in such turbines is widely known to be doubly-damaging, leading to both loss of efficiency and to mechanical damage (erosion, etc.) of the machine components. Over recent decades, a whole new field of mechanical engineering science has evolved on the subject of wetness in steam turbines, and general practices have been established within the industry. This article reviews the general effects that are of major importance to the turbine designer/engineer, power plant operator, and especially to researchers in this field.

scholarly journals Cardiac measures of nuclear power plant operator stress during simulated incident and accident scenarios

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. e13071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Pakarinen ◽  
Jussi Korpela ◽  
Jari Torniainen ◽  
Jari Laarni ◽  
Hannu Karvonen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Plant Operator ◽  
Power Plant Operator ◽  
Accident Scenarios ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant Operator
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