scholarly journals Testosterone-Lowering Medication and Its Association With Recidivism Risk in Individuals Convicted of Sexual Offenses

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107906322091072
Author(s):  
Julia Sauter ◽  
Daniel Turner ◽  
Peer Briken ◽  
Martin Rettenberger
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Sex Drive ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Paraphilic Disorders

For a particular subgroup of individuals with severe paraphilic disorders and a high risk of sexual recidivism, the combination of sex drive–reducing medications and psychotherapy is a promising treatment approach. The present quasi-experimental study aims at comparing differences in clinical characteristics and dynamic risk factors between persons receiving (+TLM, n = 38) versus not receiving (−TLM, n = 22) testosterone-lowering medications (TLMs). Individuals receiving TLM were more frequently diagnosed with paraphilic disorders. Neither the criminal history nor average risk scores differed between the two groups. In the +TLM, Stable-2007 scores showed a stronger decrease after TLM treatment was started. This accounted especially for the general and sexual self-regulation subscales. Individual variations in risk, however, were not predicted by TLM but were significantly related to treatment duration and Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) Factor I. Paraphilic patients with problems in self-regulatory abilities seem to profit most from pharmacological sex drive–reducing treatment. Furthermore, therapists seem to underestimate deviant sexual fantasies in medicated patients.

To Reoffend or Not to Reoffend? An Investigation of Recidivism Among Individuals With Sexual Offense Histories and Psychopathy

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 107906321987717
Author(s):  
Pauline C. Leung ◽  
Jan Looman ◽  
Jeffrey Abracen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Sexual Offense ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Hare Psychopathy Checklist

Although psychopathy is a well-established risk factor for recidivism among those who have committed sexual offenses, there are nonetheless some individuals with sexual offense histories who are high in psychopathy but do not recidivate. This population—nonrecidivating psychopathic sex offenders (NRP-SOs)—was the focus of the current investigation. Data from 111 individuals with sexual offense histories who received a Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) rating of at least 25 (suggesting the presence of psychopathy) were analyzed. With recidivism operationalized as the accrual of any new serious—that is, violent or sexual—charges, 39 recidivated (RP-SOs), whereas 72 did not (NRP-SOs). A logistic regression was conducted to assess whether NRP-SOs could be differentiated from RP-SOs. Being older at the time of release, a lesser criminal history, and being married predicted nonrecidivism. PCL-R factor scores and sexual deviance were not predictive. These findings highlight the heterogeneity that exists, even among those high in psychopathy.

scholarly journals Emotion regulation in self-reported disinhibition, boldness and meanness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rickard Steijer
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Picture Stimuli ◽  
Healthy Males

Introduction: In the triarchic model, psychopathy is viewed as a combination of three traits: disinhibition, boldness, and meanness; that can be assessed through the triarchic psychopathy measure (TriPM). The ability to regulate emotion has been proposed as one process that differs in people with higher psychopathic traits. Emotion regulation can be assessed trough functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during downregulation of negative emotional stimuli. It is not known how emotion regulation relates to the TriPM subscales. Aim: We aimed to assess whether activity in the dlPFC during emotion regulation correlated with the scores in the three subscales of the TriPM in healthy males. Material and methods: Inclusion criteria: Ages 18-30, Male, Psychopathy Checklist – Revised-score <10. Exclusion criteria: Criminal history, standard contraindications for fMRI. Participants (n=7) performed an emotion regulation paradigm with negative picture stimuli during fMRI and filled out the TriPM. We correlated the activity in the dlPFC to scores in disinhibition, boldness, and meanness. Results: TriPM-subscale correlation to dlPFC-activity during emotion regulation was, for disinhibition: ρ=0.29, p=0.56, for meanness: ρ=0.29, p=0.59, for boldness: ρ=-0.43, p=0.35. Conclusion: We saw no significant correlation between activity in the dlPFC and TriPM-scores within normal range in any of the subscales. The relationship between emotion regulation and the subscales of the TriPM in normal subjects remains unknown. For future research on psychopathic traits in healthy males, a larger sample will be needed.

Brief Report. The PCL-R and Gender

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Grann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
And Gender

Summary: Hare's Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991 ) was originally constructed for use among males in correctional and forensic settings. In this study, the PCL-R protocols of 36 matched pairs of female and male violent offenders were examined with respect to gender differences. The results indicated a few significant differences. By means of discriminant analysis, male Ss were distinguished from their female counterparts through their relatively higher scores on “callous/lack of empathy” (item 8) and “juvenile delinquency” (item 18), whereas the female Ss scored relatively higher on “promiscuous sexual behavior” (item 11). Some sources of bias and possible implications are discussed.

Statement of concerned experts on the use of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist—Revised in capital sentencing to assess risk for institutional violence.

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
David DeMatteo ◽  
Stephen D. Hart ◽  
Kirk Heilbrun ◽  
Marcus T. Boccaccini ◽  
Mark D. Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capital Sentencing ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Institutional Violence ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Hare Psychopathy Checklist

A Link between Psychopathy Affect and Instrumentality in Homicide

2021 ◽  
pp. 108876792110288
Author(s):  
Ji Seun Sohn ◽  
Adrian Raine ◽  
Young-Oh Hong
Keyword(s):  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Reactive N ◽  
Item Scores

This study tests the hypothesis that psychopathy is more associated with instrumental homicides than mixed and reactive homicides, and explores relationships between Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) facet/item scores and different forms of homicide: instrumental ( n = 130), mixed ( n = 103), and reactive ( n = 219) homicides. Instrumental homicides scored higher on facet 2 ( p < .01) but scored lower on facet 4 ( p < .1) compared to reactive homicides, whereas no facet scores differed between mixed and reactive homicides. Among the items of facet 2 (affective), remorselessness (item 6), and callousness (item 8) were predictive of instrumental homicide.

scholarly journals Assessing the clinical utility of genetic risk scores for targeted cancer screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly A. Conran ◽  
Zhuqing Shi ◽  
William Kyle Resurreccion ◽  
Rong Na ◽  
Brian T. Helfand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Scores

Abstract Background Genome-wide association studies have identified thousands of disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A subset of these SNPs may be additively combined to generate genetic risk scores (GRSs) that confer risk for a specific disease. Although the clinical validity of GRSs to predict risk of specific diseases has been well established, there is still a great need to determine their clinical utility by applying GRSs in primary care for cancer risk assessment and targeted intervention. Methods This clinical study involved 281 primary care patients without a personal history of breast, prostate or colorectal cancer who were 40–70 years old. DNA was obtained from a pre-existing biobank at NorthShore University HealthSystem. GRSs for colorectal cancer and breast or prostate cancer were calculated and shared with participants through their primary care provider. Additional data was gathered using questionnaires as well as electronic medical record information. A t-test or Chi-square test was applied for comparison of demographic and key clinical variables among different groups. Results The median age of the 281 participants was 58 years and the majority were female (66.6%). One hundred one (36.9%) participants received 2 low risk scores, 99 (35.2%) received 1 low risk and 1 average risk score, 37 (13.2%) received 1 low risk and 1 high risk score, 23 (8.2%) received 2 average risk scores, 21 (7.5%) received 1 average risk and 1 high risk score, and no one received 2 high risk scores. Before receiving GRSs, younger patients and women reported significantly more worry about risk of developing cancer. After receiving GRSs, those who received at least one high GRS reported significantly more worry about developing cancer. There were no significant differences found between gender, age, or GRS with regards to participants’ reported optimism about their future health neither before nor after receiving GRS results. Conclusions Genetic risk scores that quantify an individual’s risk of developing breast, prostate and colorectal cancers as compared with a race-defined population average risk have potential clinical utility as a tool for risk stratification and to guide cancer screening in a primary care setting.

scholarly journals Use and perceived utility of structured violence risk assessments in English medium secure forensic units

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Khiroya ◽  
Tim Weaver ◽  
Tony Maden
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offender ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Risk Matrix ◽  
Risk Appraisal ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Perceived Utility ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised

Aims and MethodWe surveyed the usage and perceived utility of standardised risk measures in 29 forensic medium secure units (a 62% response rate).ResultsThe most common instruments were Historical Clinical Risk–20 (HCR–20) and Psychopathy Checklist – revised (PCL–R); both were rated highly for utility. the Risk Matrix 2000 (RM2000), Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide (SORAG) and Static-99 were the most common sex offender assessments, but the Sexual Violence Risks–20 (SVR–20) was rated more positively for its use of dynamic factors and relevance to treatment.Clinical ImplicationsMost medium secure units use structured risk assessments and staff view them positively. As HCR–20 and PCL–R/PCL–SV (Psychopathy Checklist – Screening Version) are so widely used they should be the first choices considered by other services.

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