Modelling tourism competitiveness in small Pacific island countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662110409
Author(s):  
Nikeel N Kumar ◽  
Arvind Patel ◽  
Rup Singh
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Island ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cook Islands ◽  
Quarterly Data ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Competitive Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional Dependence ◽  
Pacific Island Countries

This study models overall and bilateral tourism competitiveness in small Pacific island countries (PICs), namely, Cook Islands, Fiji, Tonga, Samoa and Vanuatu. The pooled mean group approach, which corrects for cross-sectional dependence and non-stationarity, is used for estimation with quarterly data from 2002 to 2019. The findings indicate that for Fiji and Vanuatu, other PICs are competing destinations and that Fiji and Vanuatu face the strongest bilateral competition amongst the selected PICs. Cross-price elasticities are insignificant for Tonga and are generally negative for the Cook Islands and Samoa. Thus, while for Fiji and Vanuatu, the Cook Islands is a competing destination, Fiji and Vanuatu are complementary destinations for the Cook Islands. Therefore, destinations that more closely resemble each other face stronger competition, and the nature and strength of competitive behaviour between two destinations are different for each concerned destination.

scholarly journals Estimating Dynamic Common-Correlated Effects in Stata

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ditzen
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
American Statistical Association ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Common Correlated Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Dependence ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sample Time

In this article, I introduce a new command, xtdcce2, that fits a dynamic common-correlated effects model with heterogeneous coefficients in a panel with a large number of observations over cross-sectional units and time periods. The estimation procedure mainly follows Chudik and Pesaran (2015b, Journal of Econometrics 188: 393–420) but additionally supports the common correlated effects estimator (Pesaran, 2006, Econometrica 74: 967–1012), the mean group estimator (Pesaran and Smith, 1995, Journal of Econometrics 68: 79–113), and the pooled mean group estimator (Pesaran, Shin, and Smith, 1999, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94: 621–634). xtdcce2 allows heterogeneous or homogeneous coefficients and supports instrumental-variable regressions and unbalanced panels. The cross-sectional dependence test is automatically calculated and presented in the estimation output. Small-sample time-series bias can be corrected by “half-panel” jackknife correction or recursive mean adjustment. I carry out a simulation to prove the estimator's consistency.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Analysis of Pollution Abatement via Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy: Lessons from Investment in G20 Nations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazeem Bello Ajide ◽  
Ekundayo Peter Mesagan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Cross Sectional Dependence

Abstract This study analyses the role of renewable and non-renewable energy in pollution reduction through the capital investment channel in G20 economies between 1990 and 2017. We consider cross-sectional dependence since the countries are heterogeneous and cross-sectionally dependent using the pooled mean group approach. Findings reveal that renewable energy negatively impacts carbon emissions in both the short- and long-run, while non-renewable energy positively affects carbon emissions in both the short- and long-run. Again, results show that capital investment lowers pollution in the short-run but increases it in the long-run. Lastly, we find that capital investment interacts with renewable energy to reduce pollution in both short- and long-run, while its interaction with non-renewable energy expands pollution in both short- and long-run. We, therefore, conclude that capital investment provides an important channel to reduce pollution in G20 nations and recommend that if energy consumption is to work through the capital investment channel to lower pollution in the G20, the proportion of renewable energy must increase relative to non-renewable energy in their energy mix.JEL Classification: Q41; Q42; Q53; F23; O50.

scholarly journals Investigative journalism: Challenges, perils, rewards in seven Pacific Island countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
General State ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
Cook Islands ◽  
Pacific Island Countries

This article appraises the general state of investigative journalism in seven Pacific Island countries—Cook Islands, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu—and asserts that the trend is not encouraging. Journalism in general, and investigative journalism in particular, has struggled due to harsher legislation as in military-ruled Fiji; beatings and harassment of journalists as in Vanuatu; and false charges and lawsuits targeting journalists and the major newspaper company in the Cook Islands. Corruption, tied to all the major political upheavals in the region since independence, is also discussed. Threats to investigative journalism, like the ‘backfiring effect’ and ‘anti-whistleblower’ law are examined, along with some investigative journalism success case studies.

Extent Pursuit for Cross-Sectional Dependence in Large Panels

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiti Gao ◽  
Guangming Pan ◽  
Yanrong Yang ◽  
Bo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Panels ◽  
Cross Sectional Dependence

scholarly journals Assessing the links between human rights and global tobacco control through statements made on global fora

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neiloy R. Sircar ◽  
Stella A. Bialous
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Western Pacific Region ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Pacific Island Countries ◽  
The Western Pacific

Abstract Background Increasingly, international health bodies frame public health measures, including tobacco control, in the context of human rights (HR). It is unclear how prevalent is the connection between human rights and tobacco control within global health governance. This paper describes the inclusion of HR in tobacco control governance, and the inclusion of tobacco control in HR treaty oversight. We depict the current reach of HR’s normative influence in framing the tobacco epidemic in global, regional, and country-specific contexts. Methods We reviewed documents (agenda, reports) from 2010 to 2019 from the World Health Assembly (WHA); the WHO Western Pacific Regional Committee Meetings (RCM); the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) Conferences of the Parties (COP); and documents provided by Pacific Island Countries party to, or by committees overseeing, HR treaties. We purposively selected the Western Pacific Region, and Pacific Island Countries specifically, to represent countries of varying populations, capacities, and governance. Results Tobacco control and HR are infrequently mentioned together in the WHAs, and primarily in only one COP. Tobacco control is mentioned in 47 HR treaty committee documents for Pacific Island Countries, mostly under the Convention of the Rights of the Child recognizing or calling for ratification of the WHO FCTC. HR and tobacco control are connected in WHO Western Pacific RCM, particularly through their two most-recent action plans adopted by respective RCMs. Discussion Tobacco control as a HR concern is gaining traction within HR treaty bodies, at least with respect to children’s health in the Western Pacific Region. Conclusion Globally, HR is just emerging as an influence in global health governance for tobacco discussions. Within the Western Pacific Region however tobacco control is seen by some authorities as a HR issue. Similarly, to HR experts, tobacco control is becoming important to how Pacific Island Countries fulfill their treaty obligations, suggesting tobacco control advocates might explore these mechanisms to further influence the development of strong tobacco control measures to implement the WHO FCTC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document