Representations of Immigration in Third World countries: a comparative study between ‘Dave’ in The Arrangers of Marriage by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and ‘Nazneen’ in Monica Ali’s Brick Lane

Generally speaking, third-world literary scholars have been seen as representative tools for their societies. The current article aims to look at postmodern African and Asian societies. Thus, these two literary works “The Arrangers of Marriage” by the African novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and “Brick Lane” by Monica Ali belong to third world Contemporary Literature. Dave who is a Nigerian figure when he went to the United States, he leaves his traditions, besides, Nazneen, who stands against her tradition too to formulate a new identity. This article examines the effects of Immigration on third-world characters. Also, the focus on major concepts such as identity. Both authors are involved in what we call living in Diaspora. This article is a comparative study between the two works of two marginalized writers of a Nigerian and Bangladeshi identity, especially as the continent gradually becomes part of the postmodern and globalized world.

Are the Chinese in Africa more innovative than the Africans ? Comparing Chinese and Nigerian entrepreneurial migrants‘ Cultures of Innovation

ABSTRACt & RÉSUMÉ : The remarkable influx of Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in West Africa has been met with growing resistance from established African entrepreneurs. Whether the Chinese have a competitive edge over Africans because of distinctive sociocultural traits or whether the Chineseʹs supposed effectiveness is just a characteristic feature of any trading diaspora is open to question. This comparative exploratory study of Chinese and Nigerian entrepreneurial migrants in Ghana and Benin provides initial answers to these questions. Apparently, the cultural stimuli for migrant drivers of change are not restricted to inherited value systems and religions, such as a Protestant ethic or Confucianism. Rather, they are continually adapted and invented anew by transnational migration networks in a globalized world. There is no evidence of the supposed superiority of the innovative culture of Chinese entrepreneurial migrants versus that of African entrepreneurial migrants. Instead, there exist trading diasporas which have a generally enhanced innovative capacity vis-àvis local entrepreneurs, regardless of the national culture in which they are embedded. In addition, the rivalry of Chinese and Nigerian migrant entrepreneurs in African markets does not necessarily lead to the often suspected cut-throat competition. Often the actions of each group are complementary and mutual benefiting to those of the other. Under certain conditions they even contribute to poverty alleviation in the host country. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RÉSUMÉ: [Les Chinois en Afrique sont-ils plus innovants que les Africains? Comparaison des cultures d'innovation des migrants entrepreneurs chinois et nigérians] L'afflux remarquable des entrepreneurs migrants chinois en Afrique de l'Ouest a été heurté à la résistance croissante de la part des entrepreneurs africains établis. Que les premiers ont un avantage concurrentiel sur ce dernier en raison des traits culturelles distinctifs ou que la prétendue efficacité des Chinois est simplement une caractéristique de toute diaspora commercial est ouvert à la question. Cette étude comparative exploratoire de migrants entrepreneuriales chinois et nigérians au Ghana et au Bénin offre des premières réponses à cette question. Apparemment, les stimuli culturels des migrants pilotes du changement ne sont pas limités à des systèmes des valeurs hérité ou à des valeurs religieuses, comme l’éthique protestante (Max Weber) ou le confucianisme. Plutôt, ils sont continuellement adaptés et inventés de nouveau par les réseaux de la migration transnationale dans un monde globalisé. Il n'y a aucune preuve de la prétendue supériorité de la culture d'innovation des migrants chinois par rapport à celle des migrants africains entrepreneurials. Plutôt, il existe des diasporas commerciaux qui ont une capacité d'innovation renforcée en générale vis-à-vis des entrepreneurs locaux, indépendamment de la culture nationale dans laquelle ils sont intégrés. En outre, la rivalité des entrepreneurs migrants chinois et nigérians dans les marchés africains ne conduit pas nécessairement à la concurrence coupe-gorge souvent soupçonnée. Souvent, les actions de chaque groupe sont complémentaires créant un bénéfice mutuel. Sous certaines conditions, cette situation peut même contribuer à une réduction de la pauvreté dans le pays d'accueil.

The children's collective as a space for artistic production and cultural management

Social life is full of multiple manifestations that will evidence the structures that sustain it; given the dynamics of a globalized world, it is necessary to direct efforts to culture as one of the essential nuclei in the evolution of societies. Due to the above, the population has generated proposals such as cultural collectives, which try to be the space where such production is generated, protected and motivated. Directed by the methodology of action research, the Cocotón Children's Collective project was born, a space where children from the city of Tehuacán and its region are apprentices, producers and cultural managers, allowing them to interact, express themselves and take on new roles in their development environments. The first stage of the project's implementation was achieved thanks to the interest and active participation of the children's population, using the resources and capital of their home environments.

The Fourth Reverse Wave?

This chapter examines the work of Samuel Huntington and his theory regarding waves of democratization. The chapter notes that the international community is witnessing a move away from the globalized world order that the era has facilitated (or de-globalization) and that de-democratization is seemingly occurring simultaneously. The chapter pays particular attention to the United States and actions that have been viewed as anti-democratic by the previous presidential administration, which has accelerated the global community's leeriness when it comes to international cooperation led by the U.S.

What Is Next for the International Community?

The chapter reiterates the problems presented throughout the work and makes predictions regarding the sustainability of the globalized world order as well as suggestions for future research. The future of the world order is in jeopardy and what comes after the globalized, post-modern community remains to be seen, but certainly seems to be moving toward a more isolated and competitive world order.

Downsizing as a Public Policy and Downsizing Practices in the Health Sector

Health services provided by foundations in the pre-Republic period became more systematic and organized after the foundation of the Turkish Republic. Healthcare services, offered by the state in the period between 1920 and 1980 and accepted as one of the main duties of the state, became one of the areas in which the state wanted to withdraw after 1980. As a result of the neoliberal wave in the globalized world, policies aimed at downsizing healthcare services in Turkey have been developed and implemented since the 1980s. Accelerated downsizing practices by the Health Transformation Project (2003) continues today. In this study, literature review and descriptive analysis method were used.The aim of this study is to discuss the downsizing practices in the health sector of Turkey. This debate will take place over two periods (before 2002 and after 2002). Especially, the post-2002 period and works on behalf of health sector downsizing in this period will be discussed as to whether there is downsizing or not.

An Approach to Information Management as a Subsidy of Global Health Actions

In the information age, it is urgent to work in a collaborative network, as well as the identification of researchers in specific areas in the globalized world. In this time, half of the world's population does not have access to essential health services, and more than one billion are threatened by neglected diseases. Information management helps in the identifying, extracting, and treating. In Brazil, the Lattes platform is the main curriculum repository for scientists and professionals in the different areas of scientific knowledge. After processing, 105 specialists were identified. Scientific articles published on Dengue, Zika virus, and Chikungunya are 11,743. The computational tool ScriptLattes proved to be efficient to extract, identify, and recover data from the curricula present in the Lattes database, contributing to the management of scientific knowledge in public health. Thus, Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya infection data extracted from the platform generate information to assist in the knowledge management and decision makers for public health.

Branding Through Online Social Networks

The hurdles to entering a foreign market have been dismantled by greater internet connectivity. As a result, there is virtually endless potential to expand a company abroad. In growing abroad, it's crucial to keep the brand at the forefront of the approach. When enterprises enter foreign markets, they confront several problems such as a lack of market intelligence, buyer expectations, severe rivalry from global brands, and a lack of trending awareness. Most exporters focus on the short product-focused and sales-driven methods, such as producing that which is simple to create, finding a contract, fulfilling the request, and closing sales. This method just forces an exporter into a pricing competition in a globalized world, leaving the limited possibility to continuous production, product innovation, and credibility. Every company that wishes to export should aim towards market-driven, long-term, and sustainable exporting.