The effect of fuel composition and additive packages on deposit properties and homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1631-1646
Author(s):  
Joshua Lacey ◽  
Karthik Kameshwaran ◽  
Zoran Filipi ◽  
Peter Fuentes-Afflick ◽  
William Cannella
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Compression Ignition Combustion ◽  
Deposit Layer ◽  
Combustion Chamber Deposit ◽  
Homogeneous Charge

Homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion is highly dependent on in-cylinder thermal conditions that are favorable to auto-ignition, and the presence of deposits can dramatically impact the in-cylinder environment. Because fuels available at the pump can differ considerably in composition, and fuel composition and the included additive package directly affect how deposits accumulate in a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine, strategies intended to bring homogeneous charge compression ignition to market must account for this fuel and additive variability. In order to investigate this impact, two oxygenated refinery stream test fuels with two different additives were run in a single cylinder homogeneous charge compression ignition engine. The two fuels had varying chemical composition; one represents a “dirty” fuel with high aromatic content that was intended to simulate a worst-case scenario for deposit growth, while the other represents a California Reformulated Gasoline Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending fuel, which is the primary constituent of pump gasoline at fueling stations across the state of California. The additive packages are typical of technologies that are commercially available to treat engine deposits. Both fuels were run in an experimental, single-cylinder homogeneous charge compression ignition engine in a passive conditioning study, during which the engine was run at steady state over a period of time in order to track changes in the homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion event as deposits accumulated in-cylinder. Both the composition and the additive influenced the structure of the combustion chamber deposit layer, but more importantly, both the rate at which the layer developed and the equilibrium thickness it achieved. The overall thickness of the combustion chamber deposit layer was found to have a significant impact on homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion phasing.

Effects of refinery stream gasoline property variation on the auto-ignition quality of a fuel and homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Lacey ◽  
Karthik Kameshwaran ◽  
Sakthish Sathasivam ◽  
Zoran Filipi ◽  
William Cannella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Octane Number ◽  
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Research Octane Number ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Combustion ◽  
Homogeneous Charge

The combination of in-cylinder thermal environment and fuel ignition properties plays a critical role in the homogeneous charge compression ignition engine combustion process. The properties of fuels available in the automotive market vary considerably and display different auto-ignition behaviors for the same intake charge conditions. Thus, in order for homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) technology to become practically viable, it is necessary to characterize the impact of differences in fuel properties as a source of ignition/combustion variability. To quantify the differences, 15 gasolines composed of blends made from refinery streams were investigated in a single-cylinder homogeneous charge compression ignition engine. The properties of the refinery stream blends were varied according to research octane number, sensitivity (S = research octane number − motor octane number) and volumetric contents of aromatics and olefins. Nine fuels contained 10% ethanol by volume, and six more were blended with 20% ethanol. Pure ethanol (E100) and an un-oxygenated baseline fuel (RD3-87) were included too. For each fuel, a sweep of intake temperature at a consistent load and engine speed was conducted, and the combustion phasing given by the crank angle of 50% mass fraction burned was tracked to assess the sensitivity of auto-ignition to fuel chemical kinetics. The experimental results provided a wealth of information for predicting the HCCI combustion phasing from the given properties of a fuel. In this study, the original octane index correlation proposed by Kalghatgi based solely on fuel research octane number and motor octane number was found to be insufficient for characterizing homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion of refinery stream fuels. A new correlation was developed for estimation of auto-ignition properties of practical fuels in the typical HCCI engine. Fuel composition, captured by terms indicating the fraction of aromatics, olefins, saturates and ethanol, was added to generate the following formula: [Formula: see text]. The results indicate a significantly improved estimation of combustion phasing for gasoline fuels of varying chemical composition under low-temperature combustion conditions. Quantitative findings of this investigation and the new octane index correlation can be used for designing robust HCCI control strategies, capable of handling the wide spectrum of fuel chemical compositions found in pump gasoline.

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