Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Systems and Applications

Atmospheric-pressure plasmas have a wide variety of potential industrial applications. They are used in extractive metallurgy; metal recovery; novel nanomaterial synthesis; refractory and wear-resistant coatings deposition; chemical synthesis; energy conversion; industrial, medical, and nuclear waste destruction; engine combustion enhancement; and exhaust gas pollutants clean up. Atmospheric plasmas are produced by applying DC or AC high voltage between two electrodes designed as cylindrical in shape for jets and planar for the dielectric barrier discharge systems. This review presents an overview of the use of atmospheric-pressure plasma devices and industrial processes carried out in several of these areas.

Numerical study of the influence of the physicochemical liquid fuel properties on the efficiency of the low-thrust rocket engine working process

Low-thrust rocket engines are widely used in rocket and space technology for correcting the position of a spacecraft in orbit, for controlling motion along a trajectory, etc. Their number in the propulsion system can be from one to tens of units. Accordingly, the efficiency of their work significantly affects the perfection of the propulsion system as a whole. The object of the study was the low-thrust rocket engine combustion chamber operating according to the gas-liquid scheme. There were performed computational and parametric studies of various factor effects on the characteristics of the working process in the combustion chamber. The dependences of the coefficient of the consumable complex and parameters of the working process of the low-thrust rocket engine chamber on the influencing factors when using ethanol and kerosene as a fuel were calculated. A comparative analysis of the results of using these two components under similar conditions was carried out, which made it possible to reveal the influence of the physicochemical properties of the combustible component on the efficiency of the working process organization. The results obtained can be used in the design of low-thrust engines operating on the kerosene–oxygen and ethanol–oxygen propellants.

Three-dimensional simulation analysis of the effect of hydrous ethanol and exhaust gas recirculation on gasoline direct injection engine combustion and emissions

To analyze the influence of hydrous ethanol on the performance of the direct injection engine, the three-dimensional simulation is carried out by using CONVERGE software coupled with the combustion mechanism of hydrous ethanol gasoline and the soot model. The combustion and soot generation characteristics of a direct injection gasoline engine burning aqueous ethanol gasoline using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology were investigated. It was found that the increase of the blending ratio of the hydrous ethanol can accelerate the flame propagation speed, shorten the combustion duration, and improve the combustion isovolume. The nucleation and growth of soot are jointly controlled by PAHs and the small molecular components such as C2H2. The oxygen content properties and high reactive OH of the aqueous ethanol-containing gasoline inhibit soot formation. Compared with pure gasoline, the carbon soot precursor mass was reduced by 60%, 54.5%, 73.3% and 52.4% for 20% anhydrous ethanol blended with gasoline, A1, A2, A3 and A4, respectively, and the carbon soot mass was reduced by 63.6% and the carbon soot volume density was reduced by 40%. The introduction of EGR exhaust reduces the burning rate and leads to an increase in the production of Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and soot. However, the combination of EGR with aqueous ethanol gasoline can significantly improve the engine combustion environment, significantly reducing soot and PAHs concentrations. The impact of EGR also includes the ability to reduce combustion chamber temperatures and reduce NOx emissions from aqueous ethanol gasoline by 75%.

Research using the CNG fuel system from the petrol fuel system for the honda wave engine

The article presents research on Honda wave motorcycle engines using CNG gas based on a corresponding gasoline fuel injection system. In the study, we choose a solution using two nozzles suitable when switching to using CNG fuel. According to the throttle opening, the test results are conducted and can confirm that the engine, when using CNG, has reduced power and torque compared to gasoline. However, using a CNG fuel supply system from the fuel injection system saves time and cost of design and manufacture. The installation is simple, no need to interfere with the engine combustion chamber. As a result, the engine on the car operates reliably, stably, and reliably.