scholarly journals Violence, worry and trust in the emergence of weapon-carrying

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082110461
Author(s):  
Iain R Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Weapon Carrying

This paper identifies longitudinal predictors of weapon-carrying in a sample of 10–25 year olds in England and Wales. It conceptualises weapon-carrying as anticipation of an adverse event and proposes hypotheses about the origins of weapon-carrying derived from the field of risk analysis. Specifically, it tests if worry about victimisation and experience of violence predict later weapon-carrying and assesses the moderating influence of trust in the police. The results indicate that worry about victimisation does not predict weapon-carrying, but experience of violence does. Distrust of police and peer criminality were also identified as important precursors to weapon-carrying. The study provides further evidence that, at least over longer periods, weapon-carrying is a product of experience of violence and criminogenic factors rather than a response to concern about victimisation.

scholarly journals Violence, worry and trust in the emergence of weapon-carrying

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Weapon Carrying

This paper identifies longitudinal predictors of weapon-carrying in a sample of 10-25 year olds in England and Wales. It conceptualises weapon-carrying as anticipation of an adverse event and proposes hypotheses about the origins of weapon-carrying derived from the field of risk analysis. Specifically, it tests if worry about victimisation and experience of violence predict later weapon-carrying and assesses the moderating influence of trust in the police. The results indicate that worry about victimisation does not predict weapon-carrying, but experience of violence does. Distrust of police and peer criminality were also identified as important precursors to weapon-carrying. The study provides further evidence that weapon-carrying is a product of exposure to violence and criminogenic factors rather than a response to concern about victimisation.

scholarly journals Weapon-carrying and the reduction of violent harm

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Weapon Carrying ◽  
Neighbourhood Disorder

Criminology has much to offer activities to reduce the harm of violent incidents –– particularly by reducing weapon carrying and use – but the discipline’s engagement with the harm reduction agenda has been limited. In addressing this, the paper identifies risk factors for carrying a weapon by a young person in England and Wales. It demonstrates that this decision is influenced by individual-, interpersonal- and community-level factors and that weapon carriers can be distinguished from other respondents using relatively few characteristics. The study also shows that defensive factors, such as victimisation and concerns about personal safety are relevant to understanding weapon-carrying, but they are outweighed by criminogenic factors such as violence, neighbourhood disorder and, importantly, lack of trust in the police.

scholarly journals Sicurezza in sala operatoria: utilizzo della tecnica FMEA/FMECA nel percorso diagnostico pre-analitico del campione biologico dalle sale operatorie ai laboratori

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Arimatea ◽  
Patrizio Di Denia ◽  
Alessandra De Palma ◽  
Daniela Cavedagna ◽  
Concetta Brugaletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Biological Sample ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Criticality Analysis

[Safety in the operating room: use of the FMEA/FMECA proactive analysis technique in the pre-analytical diagnostic pathway of the biological sample from the operating room to laboratories]The inaccurate management of biological samples is one of the errors that can occur in the operating room: it can lead to a loss, incorrect labeling or storage of the sample, causing serious consequences for the patient. Proactive analysis of this high-risk process can reduce the possibility of this type of errors, improving patient safety and reliability of activities. A risk analysis technique employing proactive logic is the Failure and Effects Analysis/ Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMEA/FMECA).This paper describes an inter-professional and inter-facility project in which the FMEA / FMECA has been applied to the biological sample path from the operating room to the destination laboratories in two healthcare facilities in Bologna: the University Hospital S. Orsola Malpighi (AOU BO) and the Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute (IRCCS IOR). The aim of the project was to improve the safety and the reliability of the routine and urgent diagnostic procedure in these healthcare facilities.Two different working groups, belonging to the two healthcare facilities and composed of operating room doctors and nurses, have implemented the methodological steps of the FMEA/FMECA technique.At the end of the analysis process, 16 failure mode (FM) were identified at the AOU BO and 21 at the IRCCS IOR. Each FM was assigned a risk priority index (RPI) and the main causes and improvement actions to be planned were identified.Interventions were therefore undertaken to improve the safety and reliability of the riskiest welfare practices.A re-evaluation of the RPIs at 6 months-1 year from the improvement interventions will be carried out.The FMEA / FMECA technique gave the opportunity to the professionals involved to approach the adverse event through a new approach, which is the proactive method of risk analysis, using methods and tools for the improvement of patient safety that are independent, at least in part, from the study of the adverse event or near miss, representing an important step towards a real culture of security.

AN APPROACH TO INTEGRATED APPRAISAL: PROGRESS BY THE ENVIRONMENT AGENCY IN ENGLAND AND WALES

2001 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 95-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BROOKES ◽  
R. EALES ◽  
J. FISHER ◽  
C. FOAN ◽  
C. TWIGGER-ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Role Models ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Centre ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
Tools And Techniques

As part of its principal aim of contributing towards achieving the objective of sustainable development the Environment Agency in England and Wales established a National Centre for Risk Analysis and Options Appraisal in 1997. This paper describes a key area of the Centre's work over the past four years, namely the development of an approach for integrated appraisal. This approach has been developed jointly by EIA specialists, economists, a social psychologist and an expert in technology assessment. There have been several opportunities for developing tools and techniques for internal use and the Agency has also been able to advise and inform others, particularly the Central and regional governments. This paper aims to summarise some of these case studies for the benefit of a wider audience. Significant challenges remain, not least because there are few role models to follow and relatively little published literature on the subject of integrated appraisal. Challenges are methodological, procedural and institutional. The paper recommends the term "integrated appraisal" as the umbrella term under which many other approaches (variously termed) fit and develops a checklist of questions to be asked.

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