The Effect of Simultaneous Grip on Wrist Flexion/Extension Strength

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (18) ◽  
pp. 1215-1218
Author(s):  
Na Jin Seo ◽  
Thomas J. Armstrong ◽  
Kathryn L. Dannecker
Keyword(s):  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Wrist Extension ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Flexion Strength ◽  
Maximum Grip ◽  
Flexion And Extension

This study quantifies the effect of a simultaneous grip on wrist strength. It was hypothesized that wrist flexion strength increases with an increasing grip and wrist extension strength decreases with an increasing grip. Twelve subjects performed maximum wrist flexion and extension exertions with a different level of simultaneous grip – minimum, preferred, and maximum. Wrist flexion strength increased 34% and wrist extension strength decreased 10% from minimum to maximum grip. This shows that measure of wrist strength for assessing strength capabilities or the efficacy of hand surgeries or rehabilitation programs requires control of finger flexor activities to ensure consistent and relevant results. When opening a bottle in an outward direction (right hand thread), wrist extension strength may be significantly limited by a simultaneous grip due to muscle antagonism. When twisting a fragile or uncomfortable object, reduced finger flexor activities can limit wrist flexion strength.

Quantification of Hand Grip Force under Dynamic Conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Lehman ◽  
W. Gary Allread ◽  
P. Lawrence Wright ◽  
William S. Marras
Keyword(s):  
Grip Force ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Radial Deviation ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Maximum Grip ◽  
Lower Grip

A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine whether grip force capabilities are lower when the wrist is moved than in a static position. The purpose was to determine the wrist velocity levels and wrist postures that had the most significant effect on grip force. Maximum grip forces of five male and five female subjects were determined under both static and dynamic conditions. The dominant wrist of each subject was secured to a CYBEX II dynamometer and grip force was collected during isokinetic wrist deviations for four directions of motion (flexion to extension, extension to flexion, radial to ulnar, and ulnar to radial). Six different velocity levels were analyzed and grip forces were recorded at specific wrist positions throughout each range of movement. For flexion-extension motions, wrist positions from 45 degrees flexion to 45 degrees extension were analyzed whereas positions from 20 degrees radial deviation to 20 degrees ulnar deviation were studied for radial-ulnar activity. Isometric exertions were also performed at each desired wrist position. Results showed that, for all directions of motion, grip forces for all isokinetic conditions were significantly lower than for the isometric exertions. Lower grip forces were exhibited at extreme wrist flexion and extreme radial and ulnar positions for both static and dynamic conditions. The direction of motion was also found to affect grip strength; extension to flexion exertions produced larger grip forces than flexion to extension exertions and radial to ulnar motion showed larger grip forces than ulnar to radial deviation. Although, males produced larger grip forces than females in all exertions, significant interactions between gender and velocity were noted.

scholarly journals Carpal Kinematics following Sequential Scapholunate Ligament Sectioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Padmore ◽  
Helen Stoesser ◽  
G. Daniel Langohr ◽  
James Johnson ◽  
Nina Suh
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Scapholunate Ligament ◽  
Wrist Extension ◽  
Intact State ◽  
Carpal Kinematics ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Background The scapholunate ligament (SLL) is the most commonly injured intercarpal ligament of the wrist. It is the primary stabilizer of the scapholunate (SL) joint, but the scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) and radioscaphocapitate (RSC) ligaments may also contribute to SL stability. The contributions of SL joint stabilizers have been reported previously; however, this study aims to examine their contributions to SL stability using a different methodology than previous studies. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro biomechanical study was to quantify changes in SL kinematics during wrist flexion and extension following a previously untested sequential sectioning series of the SL ligament and secondary stabilizers. Methods Eight cadaveric upper extremities underwent active wrist flexion and extension in a custom motion wrist simulator. SL kinematics were captured with respect to the distal radius. A five-stage sequential sectioning protocol was performed, with data analyzed from 45-degree wrist flexion to 45-degree wrist extension. Results Wrist flexion and extension caused the lunate to adopt a more extended posture following sectioning of the SLL and secondary stabilizers compared with the intact state (p < 0.009). The isolated disruption to the dorsal portion of the SLL did not result in significant change in lunate kinematics compared with the intact state (p > 0.05). Scaphoid kinematics were altered in wrist flexion following sequential sectioning (p = 0.013). Additionally, disruption of the primary and secondary stabilizers caused significant change to SL motion in both wrist flexion and wrist extension (p < 0.03). Conclusions The SLL is the primary stabilizer of the SL articulation, with the STT and RSC ligaments playing secondary stabilization roles. Clinical Relevance Understanding the role primary and secondary SL joint stabilizers may assist in the development of more effective treatment strategies and patient outcomes following SLL injuries.

Effect of Wrist Position on Power Grip and Key Pinch Strength Following Carpal Tunnel Decompression

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. MATHUR ◽  
P. B. PYNSENT ◽  
S. B. VOHRA ◽  
B. THOMAS ◽  
S. C. DESHMUKH
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Pinch Strength ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Wrist Extension ◽  
Local Infiltration ◽  
Power Grip ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Power grip and thumb key pinch strength were measured pre- and immediately postoperatively in 30 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome while the wrist was in flexion and extension. The carpal tunnel decompression was performed under local infiltration with 1% lignocaine. Grip strength decreased more in wrist flexion than in wrist extension. No difference was found in thumb pinch strength. The authors conclude that some of the immediate postoperative loss of grip strength in wrist flexion can be attributed to prolapse of flexor tendons out of the carpal tunnel in this position.

The Effects of Gender, Wrist and Forearm Position on Maximum Isometric Power Grasp Force, Wrist Force, and their Interactions

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerith K. Zellers ◽  
M. Susan Hallbeck
Keyword(s):  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Wrist Extension ◽  
Wrist Position ◽  
Male Power ◽  
Extension Force ◽  
Grasp Force ◽  
Power Grasp ◽  
Flexion Force ◽  
Flexion And Extension ◽  
And Task

The interaction of power grasp force and wrist force has not been previously examined. This research not only examined the effect of task (wrist force in flexion and extension with and without simultaneous power grasp force), but the effects of gender, wrist position, and forearm position on maximal static exertions. Gender, wrist position, and task were found to significantly affect both power grasp and wrist forces. Females averaged 59.5% of male power grasp force and 51% of male wrist force. Power grasp force was significantly greater in neutral and extended wrist positions than flexed wrist positions while a neutral wrist position generated significantly greater wrist forces than both extended and flexed wrist positions. Due to synergistic conflicts, grasp force during simultaneous wrist extension force was significantly less than grasp force during simultaneous wrist flexion force (60%) and grasp force only tasks (58%). Wrist extension forces were found to exceed flexion forces which contrasts with previous research studies. In addition, wrist forces during simultaneous grasp force did not differ from wrist forces with fingers relaxed.

scholarly journals Sustained Isometric Wrist Flexion and Extension Maximal Voluntary Contractions on Corticospinal Excitability to Forearm Muscles during Low-Intensity Hand-Gripping

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Davis A. Forman ◽  
Garrick N. Forman ◽  
Bernadette A. Murphy ◽  
Michael W. R. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Wrist Extension ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Voluntary Contractions ◽  
Wrist Flexors

The wrist extensors demonstrate an earlier fatigue onset than the wrist flexors. However, it is currently unclear whether fatigue induces unique changes in muscle activity or corticospinal excitability between these muscle groups. The purpose of this study was to examine how sustained isometric wrist extension/flexion maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) influence muscle activity and corticospinal excitability of the forearm. Corticospinal excitability to three wrist flexors and three wrist extensors were measured using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited via transcranial magnetic stimulation. Responses were elicited while participants exerted 10% of their maximal handgrip force, before and after a sustained wrist flexion or extension MVC (performed on separate sessions). Post-fatigue measures were collected up to 10-min post-fatigue. Immediately post-fatigue, extensor muscle activity was significantly greater following the wrist flexion fatigue session, although corticospinal excitability (normalized to muscle activity) was greater on the wrist extension day. Responses were largely unchanged in the wrist flexors. However, for the flexor carpi ulnaris, normalized MEP amplitudes were significantly larger following wrist extension fatigue. These findings demonstrate that sustained isometric flexion/extension MVCs result in a complex reorganization of forearm muscle recruitment strategies during hand-gripping. Based on these findings, previously observed corticospinal behaviour following fatigue may not apply when the fatiguing task and measurement task are different.

Rebalancing the tetraplegic wrist using extensor carpi ulnaris-tenodesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Reinholdt ◽  
J. Fridén
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Motion Correction ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Patients with cervical spinal cord injury and tetraplegia often present with a radial deviation deformity of the wrist owing to impaired active wrist flexion and extension. Tenodesis of the extensor carpi ulnaris can help optimize grip strength. The purpose of the study was to compare reconstruction of the grip with and without extensor carpi ulnaris-tenodesis, as well as evaluating the outcome of the procedure. The grip strength of the group with tenodesis of the extensor carpi ulnaris was twice as strong as of the group without the tenodesis and with similar wrist joint flexion–extension range of motion. Correction of the wrist deformity enables a more ergonomic use of the hand. This may also help prevent shoulder pain, which is common among patients with tetraplegia.

Individuated finger movements of rhesus monkeys: a means of quantifying the independence of the digits

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1381-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Schieber
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Finger Movements ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
Flexion And Extension

1. Two rhesus monkeys were trained to perform flexion and extension movements of each digit of the right hand and of the wrist. Movements of all five digits and the wrist were monitored simultaneously. During each instructed movement, the instructed digit (or wrist) had the greatest excursion; other, noninstructed digits moved to varying degrees. 2. To assess the degree of independence of the different digits during these movements, I plotted, as a function of the instructed digit's position, the position of each noninstructed digit. The resulting trajectories typically were linear, with consistent slopes from trial to trial. 3. The slopes of these noninstructed digit versus instructed digit trajectories were used to calculate an individuation index for each instructed movement and a stationarity index for each digit. These indexes quantified two different aspects of independence. The individuation index reflects the degree to which other digits remained still during instructed movement of a given digit. The stationarity index reflects the degree to which a given digit remained still whenever it was a noninstructed digit. 4. In accordance with casual observation, thumb flexion and wrist flexion and extension consistently had both high individuation and stationarity and therefore can be said to be independent of the fingers. Although the same cannot be said of the other fingers, the present analysis provides a means of quantifying the degree of independence of these digits as well. 5. Factors are discussed that might contribute to the motion of noninstructed digits and to the trajectory linearity.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF JOINT MOBILITY IN SKIERS AND SKATERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
A Postnikova ◽  
Yu Potekhina ◽  
A Kurnikova ◽  
E Tregubova ◽  
D Mokhov
Keyword(s):  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Joint Mobility ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Athletic Shoes ◽  
Ambiguous Effect ◽  
Nonparametric Statistical ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Aim. Different sports have an ambiguous effect on joint mobility. This article deals with identifying the characteristics of limb joint mobility in skiers and skaters. Materials and methods. 46 athletes (27 skiers and 19 skaters) aged 18–24 participated in the study. All athletes had no complaints regarding their musculoskeletal system. The volume of movements in limb joints was measured with a goniometer. When measuring the angles of flexion and extension of the wrist, as well as plantar flexion and extension, the amplitude was estimated both in active and passive motion. The data obtained were processed with Statistica 10.0 application package and nonparametric statistical methods. Results. In all parameters of the wrist joint (except for passive flexion), statistically significant greater mobility was revealed in skiers (p < 0.0001). The amplitude of active knee flexion was prevalent in skaters (p < 0.0001). Plantar flexion / extension (both active and passive) was also higher in skaters (p < 0.0001) than in skiers. The function of the ankle joint in skaters bears the imprint of a stable motor specialization, which is manifested in the extremely high amplitude of foot extension. In both groups, the angle of wrist flexion, the angle of retraction in the hip joint and the angle of plantar flexion exceeded the norms. This is because these joints are the most used both in skiers and skaters. Conclusions. The features of joint mobility are associated with specific athletic shoes and locomotor specialization for skiers and skaters. Skiers demonstrate the increased mobility of wrist joints, while skaters possess the increased mobility of the knee and ankle.

Wrist Posture during Computer Mouse Usage

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Damann ◽  
Karl H.E. Kroemer
Keyword(s):  
Task Condition ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Wrist Extension ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Radial Deviation ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Pointing Task ◽  
The Right

In this experiment, we investigated the effects that mouse pad surface height and wrist support had on wrist posture. In a pointing task, 16 subjects moved a mouse-controlled cursor clockwise or counterclockwise around three fixed targets, which varied by size and distance depending on task condition. Wrist extension, flexion, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation data were collected via a wrist monitor attached to the right hand and forearm. The presence of a wrist support decreased wrist extension and radial deviation, and increased wrist flexion. Higher pad surface height resulted in increased flexion and ulnar deviation, and decreased extension and radial deviation. A comparison of the conditions which were at the same pad height, but differed due to the presence or absence of wrist support, revealed that wrist extension was reduced by the presence of a wrist support at all but the highest height.

Limitations of Wrist Strength to Manual Exertion Capability in 2D Biomechanical Modeling

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled W. Al-Eisawi ◽  
Carter J. Kerk ◽  
Jerome J. Congleton
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Biomechanical Modeling ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Radial Deviation ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Flexion Strength ◽  
Theoretical Minimum

The objective of this study is to evaluate the assumption in biomechanical models that wrist strength does not limit manual exertion capability. An experiment was designed and run on right-handed males to test isometric elbow flexion strength at two included elbow angles: 90° and 135° and in two forearm positions: supinated and mid between supination and pronation. Isometric wrist flexion strength was also measured at the same elbow angles and at two wrist positions in the flexion/extension plane: neutral and 45° extended. Isometric wrist radial deviation strength was measured at the same two elbow angles and at two wrist positions in the radial/ulnar deviation plane: neutral and 30° ulnarly deviated. An equation was developed to calculate the theoretical minimum wrist strength limits for which wrist strength does not limit maximal moments about the elbow. These calculated limits were compared to the corresponding measured wrist strength moments. In general, wrist strength was found to be non-limiting, but in some specific circumstances, it can be limiting. Among the posture/exertion combinations tested, only wrist flexion strength in the extended wrist posture was found to be limiting. There was some evidence that strong-wrist people show less wrist strength limitations than weak-wrist people in some postures. It was also found that the neutral wrist posture is not associated with the highest wrist strength.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document