EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES WITH RESPIRATORY SIMULATORS ON CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY AND CEREBROVASCULAR PATHOLOGY

Aim. The paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of respiratory training as part of a comprehensive spa and medical rehabilitation. Materials and methods. Studies were performed in 90 patients with bronchial asthma and 60 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. During physical training, New Breath breathing simulators were used. The effectiveness of medical rehabilitation was evaluated according to the severity of impaired body functions related to the corresponding domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Results. Under rehabilitation, the condition of patients in both groups improved significantly, systemic rehabilitation effects in the form of improved indicators of the blood system and its oxygen transport functions, as well as increased reserves for handling stress and other psychological demands were notified. Conclusion. The study suggests the inclusion of physical exercises with the New Breath simulator in the comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia and obstructive diseases of the respiratory system.

COMPENSATION FOR THE AGE GAP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPEED ABILITIES IN SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT AGED 11–12 YEARS BASED ON THE MEANS OF ATHLETICS

Aim. The article aims to organize and implement inclusive physical education of students with hearing impairment, as well as to experimentally justify the use of athletics-oriented tools for speed abilities based on an individual approach. Materials and methods. The experiment involved 23 students with hearing deprivation, 11 of them from the Special secondary boarding school for deaf and hard-of-hearing children and 12 from School No 24 implementing inclusive education. The first group followed a standard curriculum for these types of educational organizations, the second group used an experimental method of working in inclusive classes with healthy peers. Special testing was applied to determine the level of speed abilities, and a variable scheme was used to apply an individual approach. Methods of mathematical statistics were used to process the results of the study. The calculations were performed in Microsoft Excel 2007. Results. The experimental method for compensating the age gap in the development of speed abilities in schoolchildren with hearing impairment is a developed and implemented system for conducting classes in inclusive education. The high-level indicators obtained are the result of a set of measures carried out at the preliminary and main stage of the study. This type of training represents a systematic approach to inclusive physical education and provides the development of a multi stage alternative education with comprehensive support. Conclusion. As a result of applying the method in the experimental group, the results of participants with hearing impairment began to correspond with those of healthy peers. Moreover, the concomitant influence increased the indicators of physical fitness, there was a complex positive effect on the motor and emotional spheres.

VITAMIN-MINERAL ISOTONIC DRINKS WITH SPIRULINA IN SPORTS NUTRITION

Aim. The paper is aimed at developing isotonic vitamin and mineral drinks with spirulina, fruits and Siberian berries. Materials and Methods. Spirulina microalgae (Royal Forest, TU 03.21.49-009-29903295-2017) was purchased at the Healthy Food Products specialized store. The physicochemical parameters of spirulina powder were determined in accordance with GOST 31412-2010. The mineral composition of spirulina was studied by atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) using the Thermo Scientific iCaP-6500 DUO spectrometer and the iTEVA software package. The determination of vitamin content was carried out in accordance with GOST and pharmacopoeial standards. Directions for creating isotonic vitamin and mineral drinks with spirulina, fruits and berries were determined based on organoleptic criteria. Results. The mineral composition of spirulina (Royal Forest) was determined, and the content of macro- and microelements in spirulina was correlated with physiological norms for satisfying daily demand of an adult. It is shown that microalgae are a source of iron and copper as the content of these minerals in 100 g of the product reaches 27.9 and 66.3 % of recommended daily intake, respectively. When studying the content of vitamins, it was found that thiamine and riboflavin showed the best indicators of ensuring daily demand of vitamins – 18.5 and 26.3 %, respectively. Based on the assessment of organoleptic properties, the recipes for isotonic vitamin and mineral drinks made of spirulina, fruits and berries are presented. Conclusion. It is shown that isotonic vitamin and mineral fruit and berry drinks with spirulina contain a vitamin-mineral complex and are characterized by increased nutritional and biological value. Such drinks can be recommended for extreme conditions and sports nutrition, including faster and better recovery after heavy physical exertion.

FORMATION OF RATIONAL RHYTHMIC STRUCTURE OF RUNNING IN COMPETITIVE DISCIPLINES OF FIRE AND RESCUE SPORTS

Aim. The paper aims to develop a methodology for a rational rhythmic structure of running in the competitive disciplines of fire and rescue sports. Materials and methods. The study involved athletes (Candidates for Master of Sport, Masters of Sport). Twenty-four people participated in the pedagogical experiment. The dynamics of the results of about 100 athletes of both sexes was analyzed. In total, over 300 races in the competitive disciplines of fire and rescue sports were included in the study. The following methods were used: video recording, electrical timekeeping; psychophysical testing (tapping test; Flamingo test, Fukuda walking test, Yarotsky test); pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The method of formation of rational rhythmic structure of running in competitive disciplines of fire and rescue sports was developed. This method leads to minimizing errors, improving motor reliability and achieving high quantity and quality competitive results. Conclusions. The method of formation of rational rhythmic structure of running improves competitive results, provides performance enhancement in competitive disciplines of fire and rescue sports, promotes improvement of physical fitness and is suitable for both fire rescue workers and female athletes.

EVALUATION OF AGONISTIC TENNIS IN GREECE: TENNIS PLAYERS' BELIEFS AND POSITION

Aim. Tennis popularity in Greece has been gaining ground in the last decade. The study examines the views of Greek tennis players about the sport. Materials and methods. The survey was conducted during the Hellenic Juniors' Tennis Tournament that took place in Athens, March 2019. Data were collected from a sample of 45 teenagers, participating at the Tournament. Survey participants completed a self-completion questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS. Questions regarded the demographics and the teenagers' beliefs about the level of tennis in Greece, their preferences regarding tennis coaches, whether there are opportunities for tennis athletes to be promoted in Greece, the preferred characteristics of trainings and their view about organization of tennis in Greece. Results. The level of tennis in Greece is considered moderate to high. The quality of coaching is considered to be medium to high and coaches are expected to display many qualities and give at least once a month their feedback to the athletes. Tennis is an expensive sport that needs to be advertised by the media. The introduction of tennis in schools would augment the popularity of tennis in Greece. Conclusion. In order to have a broader view of tennis in Greece, it is important to take into consideration the beliefs of young tennis players, as well as the beliefs of tennis coaches and tennis agents.

SIMULATION OF A THROWING DEVICE FOR WRESTLERS

Aim. The paper aims to develop a model of a training device for wrestlers that helps to improve technique and special physical fitness. Materials and Methods. The study investigates the process of developing technical skills and special physical fitness in wrestlers. The following research methods were applied: analysis of scientific and methodical literature and practical experience, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment. The efficacy of the device was tested together with the Perm Krai federation of sports and combat sambo during 2018–2019 academic year. Thirty wrestlers aged from 14 to 16 years participated in the study (CG, n = 15; EG, n = 15). All wrestlers were of different weight categories and possessed a title of Candidate for Master of Sport. Results. The results of the pedagogical experiment testify to a significant advantage (p < 0.05) of sambo wrestlers in the experimental group over sambo wrestlers in the control group in terms of special physical fitness. Competitive activity of the experimental group is more stable, and the growth of sportsmanship is higher than that of the control group. Conclusion. The authors developed a model of a training device for wrestlers to improve their technical skills and special physical fitness. However, the engineering and technical component of the training device is not perfect and requires further improvement.

TEMPO AND RHYTHMIC ABILITIES IN FEMALE GYMNASTS AS A FACTOR OF MOTOR SYNCHRONICITY IN GROUP GYMNASTIC ROUTINES

Aim. The paper aims to justify the need to take into account the tempo and rhythmic abilities of female gymnasts as one of the factors of motor synchronicity in group gymnastic routines. Materials and methods. The study involved 12 highly skilled gymnasts aged from 18 to 19 years (Masters of Sport in rhythmic gymnastics). Two groups were formed based on gymnastic routines. Tempo and rhythmic abilities were assessed, and an expert evaluation of mistakes in motor synchronicity was carried out. Results. During the expert evaluation, the athletes made errors in the following components: unintended movements in start and final positions, lack of accuracy in positions and transitions, unity of routines and composition, where one follows from the other but is evaluated by different judges. It was also determined that the rhythmic pattern with the faster tempo was done more accurately than those with the slower tempo if it was simple. The rhythmic pattern such as eighth two sixteenth and three-beat dotted causes more difficulties when performed with inner counting (p ˂ 0.05). The strongest correlations between an expert evaluation of motor synchronicity and tempo and rhythmic abilities were found for the following rhythmic patterns: two-beat dotted, three-beat dotted, syncope (r = –0.524; r = –0.485; r = –0.545). Conclusion. The tempo and rhythmic abilities of gymnasts characterize the quality of motor synchronicity in group gymnastic routines, namely, the ability of gymnasts to implement the tempo and rhythmic structure of motor actions to music.

AGE DYNAMICS OF WINGATE TEST PARAMETERS IN YOUNG ATHLETES

Testing the speed-strength abilities in children and adolescents is a valuable tool of moni­toring the development of the most important physical qualities in sports. This test enables adjusting physical training to sensitive periods, identifying the degree of inherited sports talent, as well as a predisposition to the type of sport or sports discipline. Aim. The purpose of the work was to determine the average group results of Wingate test in children and adolescents and to identify the age-related dynamics of speed-strength abilities. Materials and methods. The study was conducted according to the standard Wingate protocol for a cycle ergometer. The obtained data on peak power (PP) and time to peak (tpp) of 370 athletes aged from 7 to 16 years were analyzed. Results. The results showed that no gender and age difference in PP was registered in children from 9 to 11 years (PP/kg – 8.42 ± 1.56 W/kg). The annual increase in PP/kg in boys was as follows: 11–12 years old – 7.53%, 12–13 years old – 17.7%, 13–14 years old – 10.34%. Relative PP in 14 year-old male athletes was 11.74 ± 2.15 W/kg, in 15 – 11.76 ± 1.56 W/kg and 16 year-olds – 12.2 ± 1.39 W/kg, with no significant difference. Relative PP in 14 and 15 year-old females (9.66 ± 2.12 W/kg and 9.88 ± 1.37 W/kg, respectively) was significantly lower than in males. Along with this no significant difference of PP/kg between 16 year-old males and females was established. Conclusion. The article proposes the criteria for evaluating speed-strength in athletes from 9 to 16 years based on the results of Wingate testing.

MECHANISMS OF THE EFFECT OF TRADITIONAL MASSAGE ON CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION IN ADOLESCENT FEMALES INVOLVED IN RUNNING SPORTS

Aim. The paper aims to analyze the effect of traditional massage on functional recovery of the cardiovascular system in adolescent females involved in running sports. Materials and methods. A 10-day traditional back and neck massage program was used as a recovery technique. The indicators of the central and peripheral circulation, the time and frequency characteristics of the heart rate, as well as finger pulse amplitude were obtained before and after the program. Results. After traditional massage, adolescent females involved in running sports demonstrate a decrease in heart rate, which is associated with a decrease in sympathoadrenal regulation of chronotropic heart function (a decrease in VLF, a decrease in the amplitude of dominant VLF and LF harmonics). Regression and canonical analysis shows that heart rate dependence of the activity of regulation levels changes. There is an increase in peripheral blood circulation and a decrease in blood pressure associated with both humoral and metabolic factors and a decrease in sympathoadrenal influences, which is confirmed by an analysis of pulse amplitude variability. It is shown that the dynamics of the time and frequency characteristics of VLF range is a marker of physiological changes in blood circulation after massage therapy. Conclusion. The effect of traditional massage on the blood circulation of adolescent females involved in running sports is associated with adaptation to massage effects and is manifested by changes in the neurohumoral regulation of hemodynamics.

THE EFFECT OF FITNESS AEROBICS ON MORPHOFUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF MIDDLE AGED FEMALES

Aim. The paper aims to identify the most effective direction in fitness aerobics for the best physical training of middle aged females. Materials and methods. A pedagogical experiment was conducted in March 2018 – November 2018. The experiment was held on the premises of the World of fitness sports club (Togliatti). Ninety (n = 90) females aged from 35 to 50 years participated in the experiment. All females were divided into three groups depending on their fitness discipline (Pilates (EG-1), strip dance (EG-2), step aerobics (EG-3)). To compare the programs, a set of indicators was used that characterize the morphofunctional and somatometric changes in the subjects, as well as the dynamics of physical qualities. Statistical data processing was performed using the Microsoft Office and Statistica for Windows v.6.0 software package. The collected data were described using sample size (n), arithmetic mean (x ~), and standard deviation (SD). Results. The recovery time (according to the functional test) in EG-3 decreased by an average of 0.8, in EG-2 – by 0.5, in EG-1 – by 0.4. Orthostatic test showed that the difference in horizontal and vertical positions reduced and did not exceed 10 bpm. Rate of recovery in step-test in EG-3 decreased by an average of 3.3 s, in EG-2 – by 2.8 s; in EG-1 – by 2.1 s. The strength of the abdominal muscles increased on average by 7 times (69.2 %); muscle strength of the shoulder girdle improved by 8.4 times (40.8 %); strength of the thigh muscles increased on average by 20.2 times (44.5 %); vertebral column mobility improved by an average of 7.2 cm (66.6 %); in EG – 1, coordination abilities improved by 6.3 s (73.9 %), in EG-2 – by 7.4 s (71.3 %), in EG-3 – by 9 s (69.2 %). Indicators of body proportionality after the experiment showed that there was a decrease in the hips by 8.3 ± 1.20 cm; waist circumference reduced by 5.1 ± 1.22 cm; breast circumference reduced by 1.8 ± 0.38 cm. Conclusion. The results obtained prove the greatest efficiency of step aerobics classes compared to other fitness disciplines, which is expressed in a significant improvement of the cardiovascular, respiratory, coordination systems and somatic indicators, as well as in an increase in physical fitness in middle-aged females.