Increasing Robot Saliency in Cluttered Visual Displays

It has been shown that modulating the saliency of a dense amount of information presented as icons on a map-based interface can reduce cognitive workload and improve user performance. Further, first response teams, particularly those responding to complex events, such as Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive device incidents will incorporate robots into their future teams to assist human team members and collect additional information. The deployment of such robots will require a human team member to supervise and task the various robots associated with the team. As the complexity of an incident increases and the number of responders with different specialties increases, for example Police, Emergency Medical Services, and Hazardous Materials, it will be harder to track the robots associated with a particular team, especially by the human team member responsible for the robots. A new algorithm, the Robot Visualization Algorithm, was developed to improve the saliency of robots for which the human team operator (e.g., Emergency Medical Services) is responsible, while generally minimizing the saliency of the robots from other teams (e.g., Police and Hazardous Materials) that are not relevant to the team operator. The presented Robot Visualization Algorithm makes the other teams’ robots more salient if their activities will impact the operator’s team. The within-subjects evaluation determined that the Robot Visualization Algorithm allowed operators to have a better awareness and lower cognitive workload than a base visualization condition. A number of proposed algorithm refinements are also discussed.

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Clinical handover from emergency medical services to the trauma team: A gap analysis

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2019.438 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (S2) ◽

pp. S21-S29

Author(s):

Arshia P. Javidan ◽

Avery B. Nathens ◽

Homer Tien ◽

Luis T. da Luz

Keyword(s):

Emergency Medical Services ◽

Gap Analysis ◽

Trauma Team ◽

Trauma Centre ◽

Medical Services ◽

Active Listening ◽

Team Leaders ◽

Process Measures ◽

Team Members ◽

Emergency Medical

ABSTRACTObjectivesThere has been limited evaluation of handover from emergency medical services (EMS) to the trauma team. We sought to characterize these handover practices to identify areas of improvement and determine if handover standardization might be beneficial for trauma team performance.MethodsData were prospectively collected over a nine-week period by a trained observer at a Canadian level one trauma centre. A randomized scheduled was used to capture a representative breadth of handovers. Data collected included outcome measures such as duration of handover, structure of the handover, and information shared, process measures such as questions and interruptions from the trauma team, and perceptions of the handover from nurses, trauma team leaders and EMS according to a bidirectional Likert scale.Results79 formal verbal handovers were observed. Information was often missing regarding airway (present 22%), breathing (54%), medications (59%), and allergies (54%). Handover structure lacked consistency beyond the order of identification and mechanism of injury. Of all questions asked, 35% were questioning previously given information. The majority of handovers (61%) involved parallel conversations between team members while EMS was speaking. There was a statistically significant disparity between the self-evaluation of EMS handovers and the perceived quality determined by nurses and trauma team leaders.ConclusionsWe have identified the need to standardize handover due to poor information content, a lack of structure and active listening, information repetition, and discordant expectations between team members. These data will guide the development of a co-constructed framework integrating the perspectives of all team members.

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P079: Clinical handover from emergency medical services to the trauma team: A gap analysis

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2020.285 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (S1) ◽

pp. S92-S93

Author(s):

A. Javidan ◽

A. Nathens ◽

H. Tien ◽

L. da Luz

Keyword(s):

Emergency Medical Services ◽

Trauma Team ◽

Trauma Centre ◽

Medical Services ◽

Active Listening ◽

Team Leaders ◽

Significant Information ◽

Team Members ◽

Clinical Handover ◽

Emergency Medical

Background: Clinical handover between emergency medical services (EMS) and the hospital trauma team can be subject to errors that may negatively affect patient care. Thus far, there has been limited evaluation of the quality of EMS handover. As such, we sought to characterize handover practices from EMS to the trauma team, identify areas for improvement, and determine if there is a need for standardization of current handover practices. Aim Statement: Identify areas for improvement in handover from EMS to the trauma team, specifically examining handover content, structure, and discordances between different team members regarding handover expectations. Measures & Design: Data were prospectively collected over a nine week period by a trained observer at Canada's largest level one trauma centre. A randomized scheduled was used to capture a representative breadth of handovers. Data collected included outcome measures such as duration of handover, structure of the handover, and information shared, process measures such as questions and interruptions from the trauma team, and perceptions of the handover from nurses, trauma team leaders (TTLs) and EMS according to a bidirectional Likert scale. Evaluation/Results: Of 410 trauma team activations, 79 verbal handovers were observed. Information was often missing regarding airway (present 22%), breathing (54%), medications (59%), and allergies (54%). Handover structure lacked consistency beyond the order of identification and mechanism of injury. Only 28% of handovers had a dedicated question and answer period. Of all questions asked, 35% were questioning previously given information. EMS returned to categories of information unprompted in 84% of handovers. The majority of handovers (61%) involved parallel conversations between team members while EMS was speaking, which was associated with a greater number of interrupting questions from the trauma team (3.15 vs. 1.82, p =.001). There was a statistically significant disparity between the self-evaluation of EMS handovers and the perceived quality determined by nurses and trauma team leaders. Discussion/Impact: At our trauma centre, we have identified the need for handover standardization due to poor information content, a lack of structure and active listening, significant information repetition, and discordant expectations between EMS, nurses, and TTLs. We intend to use our results to guide the development of a co-constructed framework integrating the perspectives of all team members on the trauma team.

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Smartglasses for the Triage of Casualties and the Identification of Hazardous Materials

i-com ◽

10.1515/icom-2016-0024 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Henrik Berndt ◽

Tilo Mentler ◽

Michael Herczeg

Keyword(s):

Emergency Medicine ◽

Emergency Medical Services ◽

Research Question ◽

Hazardous Materials ◽

Organizational Structures ◽

Use Cases ◽

Medical Services ◽

Civil Protection ◽

Domain Experts ◽

Emergency Medical

AbstractEmergency Medical Services (EMS) can be confronted with complex and challenging situations with many casualties that require special procedures and organizational structures. In order to keep control and records, incident commanders use paper-based notes, lists and forms. The increasing availability of smartglasses leads to the research question, whether they can support members of EMS and improve processes and efficiency. In this contribution, we describe use cases for smartglasses in emergency medicine, such as the triage in incidents with many casualties and the recognition of hazardous materials in accident contexts. We describe results from interviews with 10 members of EMS and civil protection units in Germany and from prototypical applications that have been developed and evaluated together with domain experts. The prototypical applications described in this contribution have shown promising results with respect to usability and acceptance.

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