gap analysis
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2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Peez

Abstract The study of international norms from a social constructivist perspective has been one of the major conceptual innovations to the discipline of international relations (IR) over the past forty years. However, despite the concept's ubiquity, there is only a limited understanding of the large-scale trends in research associated with its rise. This analytic essay interrogates conventional wisdom, using a dataset of 7,795 mainstream, English-language journal articles from the Teaching, Research and International Policy Journal Article Database, supplemented with data from Web of Science. How have international norms been studied substantively and methodologically, what are major contributions and blind spots, and which opportunities for future innovation might exist? Although norms research has historically helped expand the scope of issues covered in IR (e.g., gender issues and public health), others have evidence gaps relative to the broader discipline of IR (e.g., terrorism and public opinion). Over the years, the proportion of empirical studies has increased, while purely theoretical, epistemological, and methodological work and innovation have decreased. Despite calls for methodological pluralism, norms research is significantly more qualitative and conceptual than mainstream IR in general and far less multi-method. While more international and less US-based than IR in general, norms research in mainstream journals seems to be no closer to a “Global IR,” measured by regional focus and author affiliation. This suggests three promising avenues for future innovation: greater attention to specific substantive blind spots, more multi-method research, and increased attention to the agenda of Global IR. Beyond these individual insights, this review illustrates the general utility of complementing narrative literature reviews with ones based on quantitative data. It also provides a case study on conceptual proliferation and innovation in IR.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Peltier ◽  
Magdalena Oryaëlle Chevrel ◽  
Andrew J. L. Harris ◽  
Nicolas Villeneuve

AbstractEffective and rapid effusive crisis response is necessary to mitigate the risks associated with lava flows that could threaten or inundate inhabited or visited areas. At Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion, France), well-established protocols between Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise – Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (OVPF-IPGP) and civil protection, and between scientists of a multinational array of institutes, allow effective tracking of eruptive crises and hazard management embracing all stakeholders. To assess the outstanding needs for such responses Tsang and Lindsay (J Appl Volcanol 9:9, 2020) applied a gap analysis to assess research gaps in terms of preparedness, response and recovery at 11 effusive centers, including Piton de la Fournaise. For Piton de la Fournaise, their gap analysis implied widespread gaps in the state of knowledge. However, their work relied on incomplete and erroneous data and methods, resulting in a gap analysis that significantly underrepresented this state of knowledge. We thus here re-build a correct database for Piton de la Fournaise, properly define the scope of an appropriate gap analysis, and provide a robust gap analysis, finding that there are, actually, very few gaps for Piton de la Fournaise. This is a result of the existence of a great quantity of published work in the peer-reviewed literature, as well as frequent reports documenting event impact in the local press and observatory reports. At Piton de la Fournaise, this latter (observatory-based) resource is largely due to the efforts of OVPF-IPGP who have a wealth of experience having responded to 81 eruptions since its creation in 1979 through the end of September 2021.Although welcome and necessary, especially if it is made by a group of scientists outside the local management of the volcanic risk (i.e., a neutral group), such gap analysis need to be sure to fully consider all available peer-reviewed literature, as well as newspaper reports, observatory releases and non-peer-reviewed eruption reports, so as to be complete and correct. Fundamentally, such an analysis needs to consider the information collected and produced by the volcano observatory charged with handling surveillance operations and reporting duties to civil protection for the volcano under analysis. As a very minimum, to ensure that a necessarily comprehensive and complete treatment of the scientific literature has been completed, we recommend that a third party expert, who is a recognized specialist in terms of research at the site considered, reviews and checks the material used for the gap analysis before final release of recommendations.


Author(s):  
Sai Ji ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Zijun Wu ◽  
Yicheng Xu

In this paper, we propose a so-called capacitated min–max correlation clustering model, a natural variant of the min–max correlation clustering problem. As our main contribution, we present an integer programming and its integrality gap analysis for the proposed model. Furthermore, we provide two approximation algorithms for the model, one of which is a bi-criteria approximation algorithm and the other is based on LP-rounding technique.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-315
Author(s):  
St.Nova Meirizha ◽  
Dian Oktaviani

 PT.XYZ Pekanbaru sector was formed through the decision of the board of directors number 001.k/023/DIR/1996 dated February 7, 1996. It can be seen that one of PT.PLN's service activities is receiving reports of disturbances from service units. In reporting the disturbances received by the Operations and Maintenance Department (OPHAR), there were still several problems with disturbances from each service unit (UL), namely (ULPTG) Teluk Lembu, (PLTA) Koto Panjang, and (PLTG/MG) Duri, in reporting disturbance, the information provided is not detailed so that the information received is not in accordance with the needs of the operation and selection department, there is no schedule for sending disturbance reports, disturbance reports are past schedule when there is a disturbance and long delivery times, and there is no evaluation report and recommendation report from the unit. services as well as the absence of a chronology of disturbance validation reports. By conducting a gap analysis, we will compare the current conditions with the ideal conditions expected by the OPHAR department regarding the current SOP for reporting disturbances. From the results of the gap analysis, it can be concluded that there are 2 (two) SOP procedures that have gaps because they are not in accordance with the company's EAM standards.


2022 ◽  
Vol 09 (11) ◽  
pp. 96-126
Author(s):  
P. Basker ◽  
Simmi Tiwari ◽  
Ajit Shewale ◽  
Tushar Nale ◽  
Sujeet Kumar Singh

Author(s):  
Kannan Subramanian R ◽  
Dr. Sudheesh Kumar Kattumannil
Keyword(s):  

2022 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 113272
Author(s):  
Sarah Bonvicini ◽  
Giulia Bernardini ◽  
Giordano Emrys Scarponi ◽  
Luca Cassina ◽  
Andrea Collina ◽  
...  

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