Gender Differences in Youth Exposure to Community Violence: A Partial Test of Power-Control Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-146
Author(s):  
Maria João Lobo Antunes ◽  
Eileen M. Ahlin ◽  
Amanda D. Emmert ◽  
Michelle Manasse
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Family Management ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence ◽  
Using Data

Youths’ exposure to community violence increases their risk for harmful emotional and behavioral outcomes. Several family management strategies protect youth against exposure though there is scant literature exploring whether their application is gendered. Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, we draw from power-control theory to assess gender differences in family management strategies and the extent to which this accounts for boys’ greater exposure to neighborhood violence. Controlling for neighborhood contextual factors and youth covariates of exposure to violence, findings suggest that parents adopt gendered parenting practices, which in turn helps clarify why boys are more likely to report exposure to community violence.

Examining the Role of Power-Control Theory and Self-Control to Account for Computer Hacking

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872098189
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Holt ◽  
Kevin F. Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Computer Hacking ◽  
Using Data

Criminological inquiry consistently identifies a gender difference in offending rates, which are also evident among certain forms of cybercrime. The gender difference in cybercrime offending is particularly large within computer hacking, though few have specifically addressed this issue through applications of criminological theory. The current study attempted to account for the gender disparity in hacking through a test of power-control theory, which considers the role of class and family structure. This analysis also incorporated an extension of power-control theory through the influence of low self-control. Using data from the Second International Self-Report of Delinquency study (ISRD-2), logistic regression analyses were estimated, producing partial support for both theories to account for hacking. Implications for theory and research were explored in detail.

Gender Differences in Response to Exposure to Community Violence

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Chan ◽  
Jeanne B. Funk ◽  
Kimberly Burkhart ◽  
Jacquelyn Pidruzny
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence

The role of exposure to community violence and developmental problems among inner-city youth

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBORAH GORMAN–SMITH ◽  
PATRICK TOLAN
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence

While research has well documented that urban youth are exposed to increasing rates of community violence, little is known about what increases risk for violence exposure, what protects children from exposure to violence, and what factors reduce the most negative outcomes associated with witnessing violence. This study expands on current research by evaluating the relations between exposure to violence, family relationship characteristics and parenting practices, and aggression and depression symptoms. Data were drawn from a sample of 245 African-American and Latino boys and their caregivers from economically disadvantaged inner-city neighborhoods in Chicago. Rates of exposure could not be predicted from family relationship and parenting characteristics, although there was a trend for discipline to be related. Exposure to community violence was related to increases in aggressive behavior and depression over a 1-year period even after controlling for previous status. Future studies should continue to evaluate the role of exposure to violence on the development of youth among different neighborhoods and communities. Implications for intervention and policy are discussed.

Trajectories of Family Management Practices and Early Adolescent Behavioral Outcomes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Te Wang ◽  
Thomas J. Dishion ◽  
Elizabeth A. Stormshak ◽  
John Willett
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Family Management

Early Adverse Childhood Experiences and Self-Control Development among Youth in Fragile Families

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2199637
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Jones ◽  
Hayley Pierce ◽  
Constance L. Chapple
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Using Data

Though considerable research links both a lack of self-control and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to a variety of negative health and behavioral outcomes, few studies to date have explored whether ACEs are associated with deficits in self-control. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n = 3,444) and a life course theoretical framework, this study aims to address this gap in the literature by examining the relationships between individual ACEs, cumulative ACEs, timing of ACEs, and durations of early ACEs and self-control development among youth. Our results indicate that as the number of ACEs (by age 5) experienced incrementally increases, the likelihood of reported self-control decreases. Moreover, when it comes to the timing and duration of ACE exposure, ACEs that are high but late, intermittent, or chronically high significantly decrease self-control. Based on our findings, researchers should continue to explore the role of ACEs in youth self-control development.

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