scholarly journals An Unusual Case of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Presentation in Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 232470962110216
Author(s):  
Roopam Jariwal ◽  
Fouad S. Jaber ◽  
Harendra Ipalawatte ◽  
Greti Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Antigen ◽  
Night Sweats ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients has been scarcely reported in the English literature. To the best of our knowledge, only 12 cases have been described. We present a case of a 27-year-old male with no past medical history who was admitted with a new-onset headache, fever, night sweats, and chills. Further laboratory tests revealed transaminitis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, positive HIV antigen/antibody test, and markedly elevated ferritin levels, which promoted our suspicion of HLH. This case demonstrates HLH as an unusual presentation of HIV during its seroconversion stage. This report adds a rare disease process to the available literature, and we emphasize that markedly elevated ferritin levels in acute HIV patients should raise suspicion toward a diagnosis of HLH.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Awareness about Recent Advances in HIV Diagnostics Among General Population-A Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1165-1170
Author(s):  
Thiru Kumaran ◽  
Gheena S ◽  
Gayatri Devi R
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Antigen ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Hiv Diagnostics ◽  
Acid Test

HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus which cripples the immune system and causes AIDS; with no effective cure. It can be diagnosed by many techniques like HIV-Antigen/antibody test, Nucleic acid test-CD4 T Cell count, viral load (HIV RNA)-drug-resistant, complications test, tuberculosis, hepatitis B or C-STIS, Liver or kidney damage. The aim of this study was to assess the popular perception about the advances in diagnostics of HIV among the general population. An online survey with a self-structured questionnaire was prepared based on the advances in diagnostics of HIV/AIDS. A questionnaire containing 10 questions was distributed among the general population through an online survey platform. Results were analyzed using SPSS software version 2.0. 37% of them were aware of the various HIV diagnostic tests and the majority were not aware. 92% of the population believed that Antigen/antibody test can also be a diagnostic test for HIV. 69% were familiar about the recent testing methods which have the potency to diagnose p24. Based on this survey, it was concluded that the general population was well aware about the recent techniques of diagnostics used in HIV.

scholarly journals Acute Infections, Cost per Infection and Turnaround Time in Three United States Hospital Laboratories Using Fourth-Generation Antigen-Antibody Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immunoassays

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura G. Wesolowski ◽  
Muazzam Nasrullah ◽  
Robert W. Coombs ◽  
Eric Rosenberg ◽  
Steven F. Ethridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background.  To improve clinical and public health outcomes through early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) detection, fourth-generation antigen/antibody immunoassay (4IA) and supplemental testing results must be returned rapidly. Methods.  We examined HIV testing data at Harborview Medical Center (HMC), Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), and the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), which used 4IA and supplemental antibody and nucleic acid tests (NATs). At MGH and MUSC, HIV-1 Western blot (WB) and HIV-2 testing were conducted at a reference laboratory. We compared time from specimen collection to laboratory result for established (positive WB) and acute infections (reactive 4IA, negative/indeterminate WB, detectable NAT), and we calculated testing cost per positive-test result. Results.  From 3731 (MUSC) to 19 774 (MGH) tests were conducted; 0.01% (MGH) to 0.05% (HMC) were acute infections. Each laboratory had reactive 4IA, WB-negative, or indeterminate specimens without NAT (ie, potential acute infections). Time to result was 1.5 (HMC) to 5.2 days (MGH) for acute and 1.0 (HMC) to 5.2 days (MGH) for established infections. Costs were $1054 (MGH) to $1521 (MUSC). Conclusions.  Conducting supplemental testing in-house lowered turnaround times, which may be further reduced with rapid HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation tests. Hospitals may benefit from quantitative NATs not requiring physician orders, so all potential acute infections receive NAT.

scholarly journals Nontyphi Salmonella Empyema with Bronchopleural Fistula in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Douglas Bretzing ◽  
Tasnim Lat ◽  
Andrew Shakespeare ◽  
Mary Lee ◽  
Salim Surani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Bronchopleural Fistula ◽  
Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Night Sweats ◽  
The Right

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of inoculation with nontyphoid Salmonella compared to the general population. While nontyphoid Salmonella commonly manifests as gastroenteritis, Salmonella bacteremia can be seen in patients with HIV. We present a case of disseminated Salmonellosis in a patient with HIV complicated by bronchopleural fistula and secondary empyema. Case Presentation. A 40-year-old African American male with HIV noncompliant with HAART therapy presented with complaints of generalized weakness, weight loss, cough, night sweats, and nonbloody, watery diarrhea of four weeks’ duration. A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a bilobed large, thick-walled cavitary lesion in the right upper lobe communicating with the pleural space to form a bronchopleural fistula. Thoracentesis yielded growth of nontyphi Salmonella species consistent with empyema; he was treated with intravenous Ceftriaxone and underwent placement of chest tube for drainage of empyema with instillation of alteplase/dornase twice daily for three days. Repeat CT chest showed a hydropneumothorax. The patient subsequently underwent video-assisted thoracoscopy with decortication. The patient continued to improve and follow-up CT chest demonstrated improved loculated right pneumothorax with resolution of the right bronchopleural fistula and resolution of the cavitary lesions. Discussion. We describe one of the few cases of development of bronchopulmonary fistula and the formation of empyema in the setting of disseminated Salmonella. Empyema complicated by bronchopulmonary fistula likely led to failure of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy and the patient ultimately required decortication in addition to antibiotics. While Salmonella bacteremia can be seen in immunocompromised patients, extraintestinal manifestations of Salmonella infection such as empyema and bronchopleural fistulas are uncommon. Bronchopleural fistulas most commonly occur as a postoperative complication of pulmonary resection. Conclusions. This case highlights the unusual pulmonary manifestations that can occur due to disseminated Salmonella in an immunocompromised patient as well as complex management decisions related to these complications.

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