scholarly journals Recurrent Shoulder Instability: Do Morbidity and Treatment Differ Based on Insurance?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 232596711984107
Author(s):  
Ariel A. Williams ◽  
Nickolas S. Mancini ◽  
Cameron Kia ◽  
Megan R. Wolf ◽  
Simran Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Glenoid Bone Loss ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Instability ◽  
Time Of Surgery ◽  
Open Stabilization ◽  
History Of

Background: Patients with public insurance often face barriers to obtaining prompt orthopaedic care. For patients with recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability, delayed care may be associated with increasing bone loss and subsequently more extensive surgical procedures. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether differences exist in patients undergoing treatment for shoulder instability between those with Medicaid versus non-Medicaid insurance. We hypothesized that at the time of surgery, Medicaid patients would have experienced greater delays in care, would have a more extensive history of instability, would have more bone loss, and would require more extensive surgical procedures than other patients. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients were identified who underwent surgical stabilization for traumatic anterior shoulder instability between January 1, 2011, and December 1, 2015, at a single sports medicine practice. Clinic, billing, and operative records were reviewed for each patient to determine age, sex, insurance type, total number of instability episodes, time from first instability episode to surgery, intraoperative findings, and procedure performed. Glenoid bone loss was quantified by use of preoperative imaging studies. Results: During this time period, 206 patients (55 Medicaid, 131 private insurance, 11 Tricare, 9 workers’ compensation) underwent surgical stabilization for traumatic anterior shoulder instability. Average wait time from initial injury to surgery was 1640 days (95% CI, 1155-2125 days) for Medicaid patients compared with 1237 days (95% CI, 834-1639 days) for others ( P = .005). Medicaid patients were more likely to have sustained 5 or more instability events at the time of surgery (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.64-6.69; P = .001), had a higher risk of having 15% or more glenoid bone loss on preoperative imaging (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.3-10.0; P = .01), and had a higher risk of requiring Latarjet or other open stabilization procedures as opposed to an arthroscopic repair (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.5-6.2; P = .002) when compared with other patients. Conclusion: Among patients undergoing surgery for traumatic anterior shoulder instability, patients with Medicaid had significantly more delayed care. Correspondingly, they reported a more extensive history of instability, were more likely to have severe bone loss, and required more invasive stabilization procedures.

scholarly journals Clinical Outcomes of Shoulder Stabilization in Females With Glenoid Bone Loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596712110075
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Frank ◽  
Hytham S. Salem ◽  
Catherine Richardson ◽  
Michael O’Brien ◽  
Jon M. Newgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Glenoid Bone Loss ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Instability ◽  
Latarjet Procedure ◽  
Shoulder Stabilization ◽  
Simple Shoulder Test ◽  
Female Patients

Background: Nearly all studies describing shoulder stabilization focus on male patients. Little is known regarding the clinical outcomes of female patients undergoing shoulder stabilization, and even less is understood about females with glenoid bone loss. Purpose: To assess the clinical outcomes of female patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability treated with the Latarjet procedure. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All cases of female patients who had recurrent anterior shoulder instability with ≥15% anterior glenoid bone loss and underwent the Latarjet procedure were analyzed. Patients were evaluated after a minimum 2-year postoperative period with scores of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons form, Simple Shoulder Test, and pain visual analog scale. Results: Of the 22 patients who met our criteria, 5 (22.7%) were lost to follow-up, leaving 17 (77.2%) available for follow-up with a mean ± SD age of 31.7 ± 12.9 years. Among these patients, 16 (94.1%) underwent 1.6 ± 0.73 ipsilateral shoulder operations (range, 1-3) before undergoing the Latarjet procedure. Preoperative indications for surgery included recurrent instability with bone loss in all cases. After a mean follow-up of 40.2 ± 22.9 months, patients experienced significant score improvements in the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons form, Simple Shoulder Test, and pain visual analog scale ( P < .05 for all). There were 2 reoperations (11.8%). There were no cases of neurovascular injuries or other complications. Conclusion: Female patients with recurrent shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss can be successfully treated with the Latarjet procedure, with outcomes similar to those of male patients in the previously published literature. This information can be used to counsel female patients with recurrent instability with significant anterior glenoid bone loss.

Reporting of glenoid bone loss measurement in clinical studies and the need for standardization

2022 ◽  
Vol 104-B (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Simon Weil ◽  
Magnus Arnander ◽  
Yemi Pearse ◽  
Duncan Tennent
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Glenoid Bone Loss ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Instability ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity

Aims The amount of glenoid bone loss is an important factor in deciding between soft-tissue and bony reconstruction when managing anterior shoulder instability. Accurate and reproducible measurement of glenoid bone loss is therefore vital in evaluation of shoulder instability and recommending specific treatment. The aim of this systematic review is to identify the range methods and measurement techniques employed in clinical studies treating glenoid bone loss. Methods A systematic review of the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases was undertaken to cover a ten-year period from February 2011 to February 2021. We identified clinical studies that incorporated bone loss assessment in the methodology as part of the decision-making in the management of patients with anterior shoulder instability. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) were used. Results A total of 5,430 articles were identified from the initial search, of which 82 studies met the final inclusion criteria. A variety of imaging methods were used: three studies did not specify which modality was used, and a further 13 used CT or MRI interchangeably. There was considerable heterogeneity among the studies that specified the technique used to quantify glenoid bone loss. A large proportion of the studies did not specify the technique used. Conclusion This systematic review has identified significant heterogeneity in both the imaging modality and method used to measure glenoid bone loss. The recommendation is that as a minimum for publication, authors should be required to reference the specific measurement technique used. Without this simple standardization, it is impossible to determine whether any published paper should influence clinical practice or should be dismissed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):12–18.

scholarly journals Prospective Evaluation of Glenoid Bone Loss After First-time and Recurrent Anterior Glenohumeral Instability Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1082-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan F. Dickens ◽  
Sean E. Slaven ◽  
Kenneth L. Cameron ◽  
Adam M. Pickett ◽  
Matthew Posner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Glenoid Bone Loss ◽  
Anterior Instability ◽  
Glenohumeral Instability ◽  
Recurrent Instability ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anterior Glenohumeral Instability ◽  
First Time

Background: Determining the amount of glenoid bone loss in patients after anterior glenohumeral instability events is critical to guiding appropriate treatment. One of the challenges in treating the shoulder instability of young athletes is the absence of clear data showing the effect of each event. Purpose: To prospectively determine the amount of bone loss associated with a single instability event in the setting of first-time and recurrent instability. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The authors conducted a prospective cohort study of 714 athletes surveilled for 4 years. Baseline assessment included a subjective history of shoulder instability. Bilateral noncontrast shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained for all participants with and without a history of previous shoulder instability. The cohort was prospectively followed during the study period, and those who sustained an anterior glenohumeral instability event were identified. Postinjury MRI with contrast was obtained and compared with the screening MRI. Glenoid width was measured for each patient’s pre- and postinjury MRI. The projected total glenoid bone loss was calculated and compared for patients with a history of shoulder instability. Results: Of the 714 athletes (1428 shoulders) who were prospectively followed during the 4-year period, 22 athletes (23 shoulders) sustained a first-time anterior instability event (5 dislocations, 18 subluxations), and 6 athletes (6 shoulders) with a history of instability sustained a recurrent anterior instability event (1 dislocation, 5 subluxations). On average, there was statistically significant glenoid bone loss (1.84 ± 1.47 mm) after a single instability event ( P < .001), equivalent to 6.8% (95% CI, 4.46%-9.04%; range, 0.71%-17.6%) of the glenoid width. After a first-time instability event, 12 shoulders (52%) demonstrated glenoid bone loss ≥5% and 4 shoulders, ≥13.5%; no shoulders had ≥20% glenoid bone loss. Preexisting glenoid bone loss among patients with a history of instability was 10.2% (95% CI, 1.96%-18.35%; range, 0.6%-21.0%). This bone loss increased to 22.8% (95% CI, 20.53%-25.15%; range, 21.2%-26.0%) after additional instability ( P = .0117). All 6 shoulders with recurrent instability had ≥20% glenoid bone loss. Conclusion: Glenoid bone loss of 6.8% was observed after a first-time anterior instability event. In the setting of recurrent instability, the total calculated glenoid bone loss was 22.8%, with a high prevalence of bony Bankart lesions (5 of 6). The findings of this study support early stabilization of young active patients after a first-time anterior glenohumeral instability event.

A Clinical Comparison of Linear- and Surface Area–Based Methods of Measuring Glenoid Bone Loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 2472-2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil K. Bakshi ◽  
George A. Cibulas ◽  
Jon K. Sekiya ◽  
Asheesh Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Linear Measurement ◽  
Glenoid Bone Loss ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Instability ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Level Of Evidence

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether linear-based measurement significantly overestimates glenoid bone loss in comparison with surface area–based measurement in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability and glenoid bone loss. Hypothesis: Linear-based measurement will significantly overestimate glenoid bone loss in comparison with surface area–based measurement in patients with anterior shoulder instability and glenoid bone loss. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Thirty patients with anterior shoulder instability underwent preoperative bilateral shoulder computed tomography (CT) scans. Three-dimensional CT (3D-CT) reconstruction with humeral head subtraction was performed to obtain an en face view of the 3D-CT glenoid. Glenoid bone loss was measured with the surface area and linear methods of measurement. Statistical analysis was performed with a paired 2-tailed t test. Results: Twenty-eight patients (5 female and 23 male; mean age, 25.1 years; age range, 15-58 years) were included in the study; 17 patients underwent a glenoid augmentation procedure, and 11 underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair. The mean percentage glenoid bone loss calculated with the surface area and linear methods was 12.8% ± 8.0% and 17.5% ± 9.7% ( P < .0001), respectively. For the 17 patients who underwent glenoid augmentation, mean percentage bone loss with the surface area and linear methods was 16.6% ± 7.9% and 23.0% ± 8.0% ( P < .0001), respectively. Conclusion: Linear measurement of glenoid bone loss significantly overestimates bone loss compared with surface area measurement in patients with anterior glenoid bony defects. These results indicate that these different methods cannot be used interchangeably and cannot be used with the same critical thresholds for glenoid bone loss.

Mapping of glenoid bone loss in recurrent anterior shoulder instability: is there a particular deficit pattern?

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1676-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bockmann ◽  
Arne Johannes Venjakob ◽  
Frank Reichwein ◽  
Marthe Hagenacker ◽  
Wolfgang Nebelung
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Glenoid Bone Loss ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Instability ◽  
Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability
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